Vitamin E
Product Forms
Dose Distribution
Top Brands
Claims on Labels
Common Co-Ingredients
Top-Rated Vitamin E Products
Evidence Summary
Vitamin E is a dietary antioxidant that functions by scavenging toxic free radicals. Research explores its application in various conditions, including cognitive impairment, cancer, and inflammatory diseases, though clinical results are often mixed.
Evidence by Condition
Multiple meta-analyses and systematic reviews investigate its role as an antioxidant to scavenge free radicals in cognitive decline.
The SELECT randomized controlled trial found no reduction in the risk of prostate cancer with vitamin E supplementation.
Effective Doses
Dose ranges not specified in the provided research abstracts.
Key Findings
- Vitamin E supplementation does not reduce the risk of prostate cancer (PMID: 21990298)
- Vitamin E functions as an antioxidant to scavenge toxic free radicals in the context of Alzheimer's and MCI (PMID: 28418065)
- Meta-analyses have evaluated the effects of vitamin E on the risk and progression of Alzheimer's disease (PMID: 30900960)
Limitations
While its antioxidant properties are well-documented, clinical evidence for preventing specific diseases like cancer is inconclusive or shows no benefit.
Safety & Interactions
The provided text does not contain specific information regarding interactions or contraindications.
AI-generated summary from 252 peer-reviewed studies. Not medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider.
Dietary Reference Intakes
Source: IOM/NAM Dietary Reference Intakes · Dietary Reference Intakes: Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol)
Drug-Supplement Interactions
⚠️ This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider before combining supplements with medications.
Claims vs. Evidence
| Claim Type | % of Products | Evidence Required | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Other | 98% | Tier D (Unclassified) | ✅ Supported |
| Structure/Function | 81% | Tier C (DSHEA Structure/Function (no pre-approval)) | ✅ Supported |
| Nutrient | 56% | Tier D (Unknown) | ✅ Supported |
| Qualified Health | 2% | Tier B (FDA Qualified Health Claim) | ✅ Supported |
| No Claim | 1% | Tier D (No claim on label) | ✅ Supported |
| Approved Health | 1% | Tier A (FDA Approved Health Claim (21 CFR 101.9)) | ✅ Supported |
🏛️ NIH ODS Factsheet
Research by Topic
⚠️ FDA Safety Data
Research Evidence (253)
**Rumbold et al., 2015** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Rumbold Alice, Ota Erika, ... Crowther Caroline A. Vitamin E supplementation in pregnancy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015-Sep-07;2015(9):CD004069. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004069.p...
BACKGROUND: Vitamin E occurs naturally in the diet. It has several biological activities, including functioning as an antioxidant to scavenge toxic free radicals. Evidence that free radicals may contribute to the pathological processes behind cogniti...
BACKGROUND: Vitamin E is a dietary compound that functions as an antioxidant scavenging toxic free radicals. Evidence that free radicals may contribute to the pathological processes of cognitive impairment including Alzheimer's disease (AD) has led t...
BACKGROUND: Vitamin E is a dietary compound that functions as an antioxidant scavenging toxic free radicals. Evidence that free radicals may contribute to the pathological processes of cognitive impairment including Alzheimer's disease has led to int...
**Lane et al., 2017** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Lane Risha, Harwood Amy, ... Leng Gillian C. Exercise for intermittent claudication. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017-Dec-26;12(12):CD000990. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000990.pub4 BACKGR...
**Wang et al., 2021** | Nutr Neurosci | Meta Analysis Wang Wanyu, Li Jiao, ... Zhang Xiaofeng. Effects of vitamin E supplementation on the risk and progression of AD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Neurosci. 2021-Jan;24(1):13-22. doi:10....
**Kou et al., 2023** | Eur J Clin Nutr | Meta Analysis Kou Haiyang, Qing Zhong, ... Ma Jianbing. Effect of vitamin E supplementation in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2023-Feb;77(2):166-172. doi:10.1038/...
CONTEXT: The initial report of the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT) found no reduction in risk of prostate cancer with either selenium or vitamin E supplements but a statistically nonsignificant increase in prostate cancer risk...
BACKGROUND: Vitamin E occurs naturally in the diet. It has several biological activities, including functioning as an antioxidant to scavenge toxic free radicals. Evidence that free radicals may contribute to the pathological processes behind cogniti...
IMPORTANCE: According to National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, 52% of surveyed US adults reported using at least 1 dietary supplement in the prior 30 days and 31% reported using a multivitamin-mineral supplement. The most commonly ci...
**Jun et al., 2012** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Jun Min, Venkataraman Vinod, ... Perkovic Vlado. Antioxidants for chronic kidney disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012-Oct-17;10(10):CD008176. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008176.pub2 BA...
**Lane et al., 2014** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Lane Risha, Ellis Brian, ... Leng Gillian C. Exercise for intermittent claudication. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014-Jul-18(7):CD000990. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000990.pub3 BACKGROUND...
**Qi et al., 2024** | BMJ Open | Systematic Review Qi Shangwen, Luo Xu, ... Jin Hua. Effect of vitamin B2, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E and folic acid in adults with essential hypertension: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ Open. ...
**Baldinger et al., 2012** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Baldinger Reto, Katzberg Hans Dieter, Weber Markus. Treatment for cramps in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012-Apr-18;2012(4):CD...
**Cui et al., 2013** | Am J Clin Nutr | Meta Analysis Cui Yu-Hong, Jing Chun-Xia, Pan Hong-Wei. Association of blood antioxidants and vitamins with risk of age-related cataract: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013-Sep;98(3)...
**El-Tawil et al., 2015** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis El-Tawil Sherif, Al Musa Tarique, ... Weber Markus. Quinine for muscle cramps. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015-Apr-05;2015(4):CD005044. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005044.pub3 BACKGRO...
IMPORTANCE: Oxidative stress is an established dementia pathway, but it is unknown if the use of antioxidant supplements can prevent dementia. OBJECTIVE: To determine if antioxidant supplements (vitamin E or selenium) used alone or in combination can...
**Alladin et al., 2024** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Alladin Areefa, Hahn Deirdre, ... Samuel Susan M. Immunosuppressive therapy for IgA nephropathy in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024-Jun-12;6(6):CD015060. doi:10.1002/1465...
**El-Tawil et al., 2010** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis El-Tawil Sherif, Al Musa Tarique, ... Weber Markus. Quinine for muscle cramps. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010-Dec-08(12):CD005044. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005044.pub2 BACKGROUND:...
**Albers et al., 2014** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Albers James W, Chaudhry Vinay, ... Donehower Ross C. Interventions for preventing neuropathy caused by cisplatin and related compounds. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014-Mar-31;2014...
**Ng et al., 2017** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Systematic Review Ng Louisa, Khan Fary, ... Galea Mary. Symptomatic treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017-Jan-10;1(1):CD011776. doi:10.10...
**Cho et al., 2017** | J Korean Med Sci | Meta Analysis Cho Myung Hyun, Kim Soo Nyung, ... Kim Kyo Sun. Could Vitamin E Prevent Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Korean Med Sci. 2017-Sep;32(9):1468-1473. d...
**Hamedi-Kalajahi et al., 2021** | Clin Nutr ESPEN | Meta Analysis Hamedi-Kalajahi Fateme, Zarezadeh Meysam, ... Djafarian Kourosh. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the impact of oral vitamin E supplementation on apolipoproteins A1 and B100. ...
Νon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common cause of end-stage liver disease in developed countries. Oxidative stress plays a key role during the course of the disease and vitamin E supplementation has shown to be beneficial due to its anti...
**Soares-Weiser et al., 2011** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Soares-Weiser Karla, Maayan Nicola, McGrath John. Vitamin E for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011-Feb-16(2):CD000209. doi:10.1002/14651...
**Okebukola et al., 2017** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Okebukola Peter O, Kansra Sonal, Barrett Joanne. Vitamin E supplementation in people with cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017-Mar-06;3(3):CD009422. doi:10.1002/1465...
**Soares-Weiser et al., 2018** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Soares-Weiser Karla, Maayan Nicola, Bergman Hanna. Vitamin E for antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018-Jan-17;1(1):CD000209. doi:10.1002/...
**Lee et al., 2022** | Nutrients | Meta Analysis Lee Ainsley Ryan Yan Bin, Tariq Areeba, ... Ho Cyrus Su Hui. Vitamin E, Alpha-Tocopherol, and Its Effects on Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients. 2022-Feb-03;14(3)....
**Mathieu et al., 2022** | Nutrients | Meta Analysis Mathieu Sylvain, Soubrier Martin, ... Tournadre Anne. A Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Nutritional Supplementation on Osteoarthritis Symptoms. Nutrients. 2022-Apr-12;14(8). doi:10.3390/nu14081607 C...
IMPORTANCE: Selenium and vitamin E have been identified as promising agents for the chemoprevention of recurrence and progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether selenium and/or vitamin E may prevent disease rec...
RATIONALE: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), recently renamed metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), is the most common liver disease worldwide, affecting an estimated 3 in 10 people. The available treatment is far...
BACKGROUND: Vitamin E is a dietary compound that functions as an antioxidant scavenging toxic free radicals. Evidence that free radicals may contribute to the pathological processes in Alzheimer's disease has led to interest in the use of vitamin E i...
**Abdel-Aleem et al., 2007** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Abdel-Aleem H, d'Arcangues C, ... Gülmezoglu A M. Treatment of vaginal bleeding irregularities induced by progestin only contraceptives. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007-Apr-18...
**Okebukola et al., 2020** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Okebukola Peter O, Kansra Sonal, Barrett Joanne. Vitamin E supplementation in people with cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020-Sep-06;9(9):CD009422. doi:10.1002/1465...
**Ye et al., 2013** | PLoS One | Meta Analysis Ye Yizhou, Li Jing, Yuan Zhongxiang. Effect of antioxidant vitamin supplementation on cardiovascular outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One. 2013;8(2):e56803. doi:10.1371/jou...
**Kearney et al., 2016** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Kearney Mary, Orrell Richard W, ... Pandolfo Massimo. Pharmacological treatments for Friedreich ataxia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016-Aug-30;2016(8):CD007791. doi:10.1002/146518...
**Zhao et al., 2022** | Eur J Epidemiol | Meta Analysis Zhao Bin, Gan Lu, ... Albanes Demetrius. Relationship between chocolate consumption and overall and cause-specific mortality, systematic review and updated meta-analysis. Eur J Epidemiol. 2022-A...
BACKGROUND: Experimental models and observational studies suggest that vitamin E supplementation may prevent cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, several trials of high-dosage vitamin E supplementation showed non-statistically significant incr...
BACKGROUND: Protein Energy Malnutrition is an important cause of child morbidity and mortality in middle- and low-income countries. It has been suggested that excessive free radical activity may be responsible for the clinical manifestation of kwashi...
**Vogel et al., 2014** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Systematic Review Vogel Adam P, Folker Joanne, Poole Matthew L. Treatment for speech disorder in Friedreich ataxia and other hereditary ataxia syndromes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014-Oct-28;20...
**Okebukola et al., 2014** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Okebukola Peter O, Kansra Sonal, Barrett Joanne. Vitamin E supplementation in people with cystic fibrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014-Dec-09(12):CD009422. doi:10.1002/14651...
**Lin et al., 2019** | Int J Vitam Nutr Res | Meta Analysis Lin Jian-Hai, Chen Shao-Jun, ... Zheng Jun-Hua. Vitamin E consumption and the risk of bladder cancer. Int J Vitam Nutr Res. 2019-Sep;89(3-4):168-175. doi:10.1024/0300-9831/a000553 UNLABELLED...
Cognitive impairment is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and represents a challenge for patients and the health care system worldwide. Current pharmacological treatments of AD focus on addressing symptom management, with limited options to prev...
**O'Brien et al., 2006** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis O'Brien L, Pandit A. Silicon gel sheeting for preventing and treating hypertrophic and keloid scars. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006-Jan-25(1):CD003826 BACKGROUND: Keloid and hype...
**Albers et al., 2007** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Albers J, Chaudhry V, ... Donehower R. Interventions for preventing neuropathy caused by cisplatin and related compounds. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007-Jan-24(1):CD005228 BACKGRO...
OBJECTIVE: Whether low-serum vitamin E increases the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) in older people remains inconclusive. This meta-analysis aims to synthesize evidence-based case-control studies to evaluate the association between serum vitamin E an...
**Asbaghi et al., 2020** | Sci Rep | Meta Analysis Asbaghi Omid, Sadeghian Mehdi, ... Sadeghi Omid. The effect of vitamin E supplementation on selected inflammatory biomarkers in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical tr...
**Nguyen et al., 2021** | Int J Mol Sci | Meta Analysis Nguyen Thi Thuy Uyen, Yeom Ji-Hyun, Kim Won. Beneficial Effects of Vitamin E Supplementation on Endothelial Dysfunction, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Patients Receiving Hemod...
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Accumulating evidence suggests that omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3FAs), carotenoids and vitamin E can improve cognitive performance. However, their collective impact on cognition has not yet been investigated in healthy individuals. This...
**Xia et al., 2023** | Pharmacol Res | Systematic Review Xia Jiayue, Yu Junhui, ... Sun Guiju. Comparative effects of vitamin and mineral supplements in the management of type 2 diabetes in primary care: A systematic review and network meta-analysis ...
Showing top 50 of 253 sources, sorted by quality score.
Details
Vitamin E
Overview
Vitamin E is a essential nutrient tracked in the biomedical knowledge base.
Also known as: alpha-tocopherol, tocopherol, tocotrienol, d-alpha-tocopherol
Role in Health
Detailed overview pending — this entity has sources compiled across multiple verticals.
Related Verticals
See sources-index for all verified sources referencing Vitamin E.
Safety Considerations
Safety data extraction pending.
Sources
See linked source pages for full provenance.
Related Supplements
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Vitamin E and how does it work?
Vitamin E is a dietary antioxidant that helps protect your cells by scavenging toxic free radicals. By neutralizing these harmful molecules, it helps prevent cellular damage.
Can Vitamin E help with Alzheimer's disease or memory loss?
There is moderate evidence that Vitamin E acts as an antioxidant to scavenge free radicals in the context of Alzheimer's and mild cognitive impairment. However, clinical research results regarding its effectiveness are often mixed.
Does taking Vitamin E reduce the risk of prostate cancer?
There is weak evidence regarding this use. Specifically, the SELECT randomized controlled trial found that Vitamin E supplementation did not lead to a reduction in the risk of prostate cancer.
What is the recommended daily dose of Vitamin E?
The recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for adults is 15 mg per day. This amount is suggested to meet the nutritional requirements for this essential antioxidant.
Are there any dangerous interactions with Vitamin E?
Yes, there is a moderate interaction between Vitamin E and the blood thinner Warfarin. High doses of Vitamin E may interfere with vitamin K-dependent processes, which could potentially increase the effects of the medication.
Who should be careful when taking Vitamin E supplements?
Individuals taking anticoagulant medications like Warfarin should exercise caution due to potential interactions. It is important to consult a healthcare provider to discuss any specific risks or contraindications.
Answers generated from research evidence. Not medical advice.