Pqq
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Evidence Summary
PQQ is an antioxidant supplement primarily studied for its impact on mitochondrial function and cognitive health. Research suggests potential benefits for brain metabolism and cognitive performance in both healthy individuals and those with mild cognitive impairment.
Evidence by Condition
Evidence indicates that PQQ may improve brain function and cognitive performance in both healthy adults and elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment.
Preliminary research suggests potential improvements in aerobic exercise performance and mitochondrial biogenesis markers in untrained men.
Effective Doses
Dose ranges not specified in the provided research summaries.
Key Findings
- PQQ supplementation may impact mitochondrial biomarkers, brain metabolism, and cognition in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment (PMID: 38908296)
- PQQ disodium salt has been shown to improve cognitive function in healthy volunteers (PMID: 34415830)
- PQQ disodium salt improves brain function in both younger and older adults (PMID: 36807425)
- PQQ supplementation may influence aerobic exercise performance and indices of mitochondrial biogenesis in untrained men (PMID: 31860387)
Limitations
Current research is limited by small sample sizes and short study durations, requiring more long-term investigation across diverse populations.
Safety & Interactions
No specific interactions or contraindications were identified in the provided research summaries.
AI-generated summary from 6 peer-reviewed studies. Not medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider.
Claims vs. Evidence
| Claim Type | % of Products | Evidence Required | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Other | 100% | Tier D (Unclassified) | ✅ Supported |
| Structure/Function | 80% | Tier C (DSHEA Structure/Function (no pre-approval)) | ✅ Supported |
| Nutrient | 4% | Tier D (Unknown) | ✅ Supported |
Research by Topic
Research Evidence (6)
**Baltic et al., 2024** | J Nutr Health Aging | Rct Baltic Sonja, Nedeljkovic David, ... Ostojic Sergej M. The impact of six-week dihydrogen-pyrroloquinoline quinone supplementation on mitochondrial biomarkers, brain metabolism, and cognition in elde...
**Shiojima et al., 2022** | J Am Nutr Assoc | Rct Shiojima Yoshiaki, Takahashi Megumi, ... Akanuma Masanori. Effect of Dietary Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt on Cognitive Function in Healthy Volunteers: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Con...
**Itoh et al., 2016** | Adv Exp Med Biol | Rct Itoh Yuji, Hine Kyoko, ... Sakatani Kaoru. Effect of the Antioxidant Supplement Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Disodium Salt (BioPQQ™) on Cognitive Functions. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2016;876:319-325. doi:10.1007/97...
**Hwang et al., 2020** | J Am Coll Nutr | Rct Hwang Paul S, Machek Steven B, ... Willoughby Darryn S. Effects of Pyrroloquinoline Quinone (PQQ) Supplementation on Aerobic Exercise Performance and Indices of Mitochondrial Biogenesis in Untrained Men. ...
**NCT ID**: NCT07148726 **Phase**: NA **Status**: COMPLETED **Enrollment**: 24 **Completion**: 2025-08-15
Brain function is important for a good quality of life. Pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt (PQQ) has been proven to improve brain function and cognition in older adults (above 45 years). In this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, we investig...
Frequently Asked Questions
What is PQQ and what is it used for?
PQQ is an antioxidant supplement primarily studied for its impact on mitochondrial function and cognitive health. It is mainly used for its potential benefits to brain metabolism and cognitive performance.
Can PQQ help with memory and brain function?
There is moderate evidence suggesting that PQQ may improve brain function and cognitive performance. These potential benefits have been observed in both healthy adults and elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment.
Does PQQ improve athletic or physical performance?
There is currently insufficient evidence to confirm that PQQ improves physical performance. While preliminary research suggests potential improvements in aerobic exercise markers for untrained men, more study is required.
What is the effective dose of PQQ?
The provided research does not specify an exact effective dose range for PQQ supplementation. You should consult with a healthcare professional to determine an appropriate dosage for your needs.
Is PQQ safe to take?
No specific safety concerns or contraindications were identified in the available research summaries. However, you should always consult a doctor before starting any new supplement.
Are there any drug interactions with PQQ?
There are currently no documented drug interactions for PQQ. However, it is important to inform your physician of all supplements you are taking to ensure they are safe for your specific health profile.
Who should avoid taking PQQ?
No specific groups were identified as needing to avoid PQQ in the current research. As with any supplement, individuals with underlying health conditions should consult a medical professional before use.
Answers generated from research evidence. Not medical advice.