Phosphorus
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Evidence Summary
Phosphorus is an essential mineral primarily studied in the context of managing mineral and bone disorders in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and meeting nutritional requirements in preterm infants. Research focuses heavily on the use of phosphate binders to control serum levels and the necessity of supplementation in specialized clinical settings.
Evidence by Condition
Phosphate binders are effectively used to lower serum phosphate levels and manage bone disease in CKD patients.
Preterm human milk may provide insufficient phosphorus to meet the skeletal development needs of preterm infants.
Amorphous calcium phosphate, when combined with certain lasers, shows potential for enamel remineralization.
Research is ongoing regarding the specific effects of phosphorus supplementation in ICU patients.
Effective Doses
Dose ranges are not explicitly reported in the provided research abstracts.
Key Findings
- Phosphate binders are a standard intervention for reducing positive phosphate balance and lowering serum phosphate in CKD (PMID: 30132304).
- Preterm human milk often lacks the necessary phosphorus levels to meet the estimated needs of preterm infants (PMID: 28238222).
- Phosphate-lowering agents significantly impact clinical and laboratory outcomes in patients with chronic kidney disease (PMID: 34061337).
Limitations
Much of the available research is focused on clinical pathologies, such as kidney disease or neonatal care, rather than optimal supplementation for healthy populations.
Safety & Interactions
In patients with chronic kidney disease, phosphorus management is critical to prevent the progression of mineral and bone disorders.
AI-generated summary from 46 peer-reviewed studies. Not medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider.
Dietary Reference Intakes
Source: IOM/NAM Dietary Reference Intakes · Dietary Reference Intakes: Phosphorus
Claims vs. Evidence
| Claim Type | % of Products | Evidence Required | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Other | 98% | Tier D (Unclassified) | ✅ Supported |
| Structure/Function | 89% | Tier C (DSHEA Structure/Function (no pre-approval)) | ✅ Supported |
| Nutrient | 76% | Tier D (Unknown) | ✅ Supported |
| Approved Health | 0% | Tier A (FDA Approved Health Claim (21 CFR 101.9)) | ⚠️ Unsupported |
🏛️ NIH ODS Factsheet
Research by Topic
Research Evidence (46)
BACKGROUND: Phosphate binders are used to reduce positive phosphate balance and to lower serum phosphate levels for people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with the aim to prevent progression of chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-...
BACKGROUND: Phosphate binders lower serum phosphate levels for people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). This is an updated review, previously published in 2011 and 2018. New studies have been published and an update of the current evidence is needed...
**Navaneethan et al., 2011** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Navaneethan Sankar D, Palmer Suetonia C, ... Strippoli Giovanni Fm. Phosphate binders for preventing and treating bone disease in chronic kidney disease patients. Cochrane Data...
BACKGROUND: Preterm infants are born with low skeletal stores of calcium and phosphorus. Preterm human milk provides insufficient calcium and phosphorus to meet the estimated needs of preterm infants for adequate growth. Supplementation of human milk...
**Cottrill et al., 2020** | J Clin Neurosci | Meta Analysis Cottrill Ethan, Premananthan Christine, ... Witham Timothy. Radiographic and clinical outcomes of silicate-substituted calcium phosphate (SiCaP) bone grafts in spinal fusion: Systematic revi...
**Zhao et al., 2022** | Ann Palliat Med | Meta Analysis Zhao Si-Jie, Wang Zi-Xuan, ... Kong Ling-Dong. Effect of different phosphate binders on fibroblast growth factor 23 levels in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-a...
**Adelufosi et al., 2015** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Adelufosi Adegoke Oloruntoba, Abayomi Olukayode, Ojo Tunde Massey-Ferguson. Pyridoxal 5 phosphate for neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015-Apr...
**Phannajit et al., 2022** | J Nephrol | Meta Analysis Phannajit Jeerath, Wonghakaeo Natthaphon, ... Susantitaphong Paweena. The impact of phosphate lowering agents on clinical and laboratory outcomes in chronic kidney disease patients: a systematic ...
**Nakai et al., 2024** | Ther Apher Dial | Meta Analysis Nakai Kentaro, Kono Keiji, ... Fukagawa Masafumi. Calcimimetics treatment strategy for serum calcium and phosphate management in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism undergoing dialysis:...
**Li et al., 2022** | Comput Math Methods Med | Meta Analysis Li Qiyu, Liu Siyuan, ... Yu Jiaping. Clinical Efficacy of Creatine Phosphate Sodium and/or Vitamin C in the Treatment of Children with Viral Myocarditis: A Meta-Analysis. Comput Math Metho...
**Lodoso-Torrecilla et al., 2020** | Biomater Sci | Meta Analysis Lodoso-Torrecilla Irene, Klein Gunnewiek Raquel, ... van den Beucken Jeroen J J P. Bioinorganic supplementation of calcium phosphate-based bone substitutes to improve in vivo performan...
**Abdelwahab et al., 2023** | Medicine (Baltimore) | Meta Analysis Abdelwahab Omar Ahmed, Akil Khaled, ... Al-Alfy Mohamed N. The potential role of vitamin E in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency: A systematic review and meta-...
**Cheng et al., 2023** | Lasers Med Sci | Meta Analysis Cheng Lin, Yuan Rui, ... Feng Zhiyuan. The effect of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser combined casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate for enamel remineralisation: a systematic review and meta-ana...
**Vesterlund et al., 2023** | Acta Anaesthesiol Scand | Meta Analysis Vesterlund Gitte K, Jensen Thomas S, ... Perner Anders. Effects of magnesium, phosphate, or zinc supplementation in intensive care unit patients-A systematic review and meta-analys...
OBJECTIVES: To assess effects of calcium or phosphorous supplementation compared with no supplementation in human milk-fed preterm or low birth weight infants. METHODS: Data sources include Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline and ...
**Basutkar et al., 2022** | Nephrology (Carlton) | Meta Analysis Basutkar Roopa Satyanarayan, Varghese Resia, ... Sivasankaran Ponnusankar. Systematic review and meta-analysis of potential pleiotropic effects of sevelamer in chronic kidney disease: B...
**AlBuraiki et al., 2024** | Technol Health Care | Meta Analysis AlBuraiki Meisam Jehad, Ingle Navin Anand, ... Minervini Giuseppe. Long term remineralizing effect of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate in white spot lesions: A systemat...
**Lai et al., 2026** | Nutr Rev | Meta Analysis Lai Junmei, Yu Xiaofan, ... Xing Yucui. Effects of Vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol) on Parathyroid Hormone, Calcium, and Phosphorus in Humans: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled T...
**Somngam et al., 2025** | Int J Implant Dent | Systematic Review Somngam Chutikarn, Samartkit Sutiwat, ... Khongkhunthian Pathawee. New bone formation of biphasic calcium phosphate bone substitute material: a systematic review and network meta-analy...
**Prados et al., 2017** | J Anim Sci | Rct Prados L F, Sathler D F T, ... Chizzotti M L. Reducing mineral usage in feedlot diets for Nellore cattle: II. Impacts of calcium, phosphorus, copper, manganese, and zinc contents on intake, performance, and ...
PURPOSE: To perform a systematic literature review to analyze the results of the in vivo animal models and strategies that use osteoinductive materials to enhance the tendon graft-bone interface for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). M...
**Brannon et al., 2016** | Am J Clin Nutr | Systematic Review Brannon Patsy M, Weaver Connie M, ... Yaktine Ann L. Scanning for new evidence to prioritize updates to the Dietary Reference Intakes: case studies for thiamin and phosphorus. Am J Clin Nu...
INTRODUCTION: Minerals may contribute to prevent and treat sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. So far, there is no comprehensive review on the impact of minerals on sarcopenia outcomes. The aim ...
**Bravo-Soto et al., 2017** | Medwave | Meta Analysis Bravo-Soto Gonzalo A, Madrid Trinidad. Sevelamer versus calcium-based phosphate binders for chronic kidney disease. Medwave. 2017-May-12;17(Suppl2):e6942. doi:10.5867/medwave.2017.6942 Chronic kid...
**Ma et al., 2019** | BMC Oral Health | Meta Analysis Ma Xueling, Lin Xuandong, ... Xie Fangfang. Evaluation of the efficacy of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on remineralization of white spot lesions in vitro and clinical research...
**Stolwijk et al., 2025** | J Inherit Metab Dis | Systematic Review Stolwijk Nina N, van Dussen Laura, ... Bosch Annet M. Effectiveness of Pyridoxal-5'-Phosphate in PNPO Deficiency: A Systematic Review. J Inherit Metab Dis. 2025-Sep;48(5):e70074. doi...
**Trombetta et al., 2017** | Ann Biomed Eng | Systematic Review Trombetta Ryan, Inzana Jason A, ... Awad Hani A. 3D Printing of Calcium Phosphate Ceramics for Bone Tissue Engineering and Drug Delivery. Ann Biomed Eng. 2017-Jan;45(1):23-44. doi:10.100...
**Kuschel et al., 2001** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Systematic Review Kuschel C A, Harding J E. Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001(4):CD003310 BACKGROUND: Preterm infants are...
**Yan et al., 2022** | BMC Oral Health | Meta Analysis Yan Ming-Dong, Ou Yan-Jing, ... Chen Jiang. Does the incorporation of strontium into calcium phosphate improve bone repair? A meta-analysis. BMC Oral Health. 2022-Mar-08;22(1):62. doi:10.1186/s12...
**Kouhi et al., 2024** | J Evid Based Dent Pract | Meta Analysis Kouhi Monireh, Yousefi Saba, ... Shirani Mohammadjavad. CALCIUM PHOSPHATE GRAFTS COMBINED WITH GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION IN THE TREATMENT OF PERIODONTAL BONY DEFECTS- A SYSTEMATIC REVI...
CONTEXT: Hyperphosphatemia and high levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are risk factors for cardiovascular events in patients with chronic kidney diseases. However, the impact of an inorganic phosphorus additive in healthy people is largel...
Exploring the link between genetic polymorphisms in folate metabolism genes (MTHFR, MTR, and MTRR) and cardiovascular disease (CVD), this study evaluates the effect of B vitamin supplements (methylfolate, pyridoxal-5'-phosphate, and methylcobalamin) ...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Whole-food plant-based diets (WFPBDs) are beneficial in managing hypertension in the general population but have not been well studied in chronic kidney disease (CKD), potentially due to concerns about hyperkalemia. We hypothes...
**Cruz et al., 2020** | Braz Dent J | Meta Analysis Cruz Rebecca, Pesce Giovanna, ... Granjeiro José Mauro. Calcium Phosphate Carrying Simvastatin Enhances Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review. Braz Dent J. 2020;31(2):93-102. doi:10.1590/0103-64402...
**Source**: IOM 1997 Dietary Reference Intakes for Phosphorus **Unit**: mg/day | Population | RDA | |---|---| | Adult 19-70 | 700 mg/day |
BACKGROUND: Hyperphosphataemia is a common cardiovascular risk factor in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Dietary counseling and control are key aspects in the management of CKD. Although some studies have shown the beneficial effects of dietary phospha...
**Palmer et al., 2016** | Am J Kidney Dis | Other Palmer Suetonia C, Gardner Sharon, ... Strippoli Giovanni F M. Phosphate-Binding Agents in Adults With CKD: A Network Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials. Am J Kidney Dis. 2016-Nov;68(5):691-702. doi:1...
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To develop a smartphone application-based dietary self-management program for haemodialysis patients and to examine its effects on biochemical indicators, self-efficacy and quality of life. BACKGROUND: Lack of dietary management ...
BACKGROUND: Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) has been taken as a biomarker of inflammation in patients with acute coronary diseases. Regular exercise rehabilitation could attenuate inflammation and promote the rehabilitation of coron...
**NCT ID**: NCT04026438 **Phase**: PHASE4 **Status**: COMPLETED **Enrollment**: 130 **Completion**: 2021-02-24
**NCT ID**: NCT04542850 **Phase**: NA **Status**: COMPLETED **Enrollment**: 15 **Completion**: 2021-10-28
**NCT ID**: NCT02016235 **Phase**: PHASE1 **Status**: COMPLETED **Enrollment**: 30 **Completion**: 2019-01
**NCT ID**: NCT02095392 **Phase**: NA **Status**: COMPLETED **Enrollment**: 62 **Completion**: 2014-07
**Yang et al., 2018** | JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr | Other Yang Xiuqin, Bai Qingning, ... Zhang Xiaolei. Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Phosphate Binders in Hyperphosphatemia Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2...
**Source:** [Office of Dietary Supplements, NIH](https://ods.od.nih.gov:443/factsheets/Phosphorus-HealthProfessional/) **Reading Level:** Health Professional This fact sheet from the NIH Office of Dietary Supplements provides evidence-based informati...
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is phosphorus and why is it important?
Phosphorus is an essential mineral required for various bodily functions. It plays a key role in bone health and meeting the nutritional requirements for specialized populations, such as preterm infants.
Does phosphorus help with chronic kidney disease?
There is strong evidence that managing phosphorus levels is vital for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Specifically, phosphate binders are effectively used to lower serum phosphate levels and manage related bone diseases.
Is phosphorus supplementation necessary for preterm babies?
There is moderate evidence suggesting that preterm human milk may not provide enough phosphorus to meet the skeletal development needs of preterm infants. Meeting these nutritional requirements is a key focus in specialized clinical settings.
Can phosphorus be used for dental enamel repair?
There is moderate evidence that amorphous calcium phosphate, when used in combination with certain lasers, shows potential for enamel remineralization. This research explores its ability to help repair dental enamel.
How much phosphorus should I take every day?
For adults aged 19 to 70, the recommended dietary intake is 700 mg per day. There are no explicitly reported effective doses for supplemental use in the current research.
Are there any safety concerns or drug interactions with phosphorus?
While no drug interactions are currently documented, managing phosphorus levels is critical for patients with chronic kidney disease to prevent bone and mineral disorders. Individuals with kidney disease should work closely with healthcare providers to manage their levels.
Answers generated from research evidence. Not medical advice.