Thiamine
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Evidence Summary
Thiamine (Vitamin B1) is an essential micronutrient with significant research interest in treating deficiency-related disorders and managing critical illness. Evidence suggests its efficacy in specific contexts like Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome and its potential role in metabolic resuscitation during sepsis.
Evidence by Condition
Thiamine is an established treatment for this syndrome, particularly in individuals with alcohol abuse.
Research focuses on its use in combination with Vitamin C and hydrocortisone to improve mortality and clinical outcomes.
Studies have investigated the effect of thiamine supplementation on glycaemic outcomes in adults.
Thiamine is studied as part of B-vitamin therapy for improving depressive and anxiety symptoms.
The impact of thiamine supplementation on patients with heart failure remains unclear.
Thiamine is studied as part of a combination therapy involving Diclofenac and other B vitamins.
Systematic reviews have evaluated the efficacy of Vitamin B (including thiamine) for treating neuropathy.
Effective Doses
Specific dose ranges were not provided in the summarized studies.
Key Findings
- Thiamine is an established treatment for Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome in individuals with alcohol abuse (PMID: 23818100).
- Thiamine supplementation may influence glycaemic outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes (PMID: 36008064).
- Intravenous thiamine administration is being studied for its effects on critically ill patients (PMID: 39307094).
- Thiamine is frequently studied as part of a metabolic resuscitation cocktail including Vitamin C and hydrocortisone for sepsis (PMID: 34750650).
Limitations
Much of the current evidence focuses on combination therapies (e.g., with Vitamin C or steroids) rather than thiamine monotherapy, and its impact on certain conditions like heart failure remains unproven.
Safety & Interactions
No specific contraindications or drug interactions were identified in the provided research abstracts.
AI-generated summary from 100 peer-reviewed studies. Not medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider.
Dietary Reference Intakes
Source: IOM/NAM Dietary Reference Intakes · Dietary Reference Intakes: Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
Claims vs. Evidence
| Claim Type | % of Products | Evidence Required | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Other | 99% | Tier D (Unclassified) | ✅ Supported |
| Structure/Function | 83% | Tier C (DSHEA Structure/Function (no pre-approval)) | ✅ Supported |
| Nutrient | 47% | Tier D (Unknown) | ✅ Supported |
| Approved Health | 0% | Tier A (FDA Approved Health Claim (21 CFR 101.9)) | ⚠️ Unsupported |
| No Claim | 0% | Tier D (No claim on label) | ✅ Supported |
🏛️ NIH ODS Factsheet
Research by Topic
Research Evidence (100)
BACKGROUND: Autopsy studies suggest that Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is not a rare disorder, particularly in individuals who abuse alcohol. Thiamine has been established as the treatment of choice for over 50 years, but uncertainty remains abou...
**Borges-Vieira et al., 2023** | Nutr Neurosci | Systematic Review Borges-Vieira Jaqueline G, Cardoso Camila K Souza. Efficacy of B-vitamins and vitamin D therapy in improving depressive and anxiety disorders: a systematic review of randomized contro...
**Muley et al., 2022** | BMJ Open | Meta Analysis Muley Arti, Fernandez Ritin, ... Muley Prasad. Effect of thiamine supplementation on glycaemic outcomes in adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2022-Aug-25;12(...
**Nakanishi et al., 2024** | Clin Nutr | Meta Analysis Nakanishi Nobuto, Abe Yoshinobu, ... Kotani Joji. Effect of intravenous thiamine administration on critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ...
**Fujii et al., 2022** | Intensive Care Med | Systematic Review Fujii Tomoko, Salanti Georgia, ... Young Paul J. Effect of adjunctive vitamin C, glucocorticoids, and vitamin B1 on longer-term mortality in adults with sepsis or septic shock: a systema...
**Calderon-Ospina et al., 2020** | Pain Med | Meta Analysis Calderon-Ospina Carlos-Alberto, Nava-Mesa Mauricio Orlando, Arbeláez Ariza Carlos Emilio. Effect of Combined Diclofenac and B Vitamins (Thiamine, Pyridoxine, and Cyanocobalamin) for Low Back...
**Assouline et al., 2021** | Crit Care Med | Meta Analysis Assouline Benjamin, Faivre Anna, ... Legouis David. Thiamine, Ascorbic Acid, and Hydrocortisone As a Metabolic Resuscitation Cocktail in Sepsis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trial...
BACKGROUND: Micronutrients can benefit patients with heart failure (HF). Thiamine is a critical vitamin, while the impact of thiamine supplementation on patients with HF remains unclear. Systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate ...
**Lu et al., 2023** | Clin Invest Med | Meta Analysis Lu Difan, Mao Wenchao. Hydrocortisone Combined with Vitamin C and Thiamine in the Treatment of Sepsis/Septic Shock: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis. Clin Inves...
BACKGROUND: Autopsy studies suggest that Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome (WKS) is not a rare disorder, particularly in individuals who abuse alcohol. Thiamine has been established as the treatment of choice for over 50 years, but there is uncertainty abo...
**Ang et al., 2008** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Systematic Review Ang Cynthia D, Alviar Maria Jenelyn M, ... Roxas Artemio A. Vitamin B for treating peripheral neuropathy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008-Jul-16;2008(3):CD004573. doi:10.1002/1465...
**Scholz et al., 2021** | Crit Care | Meta Analysis Scholz Sean S, Borgstedt Rainer, ... Rehberg Sebastian. Mortality in septic patients treated with vitamin C: a systematic meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2021-Jan-06;25(1):17. doi:10.1186/s13054-020-03438...
**Zayed et al., 2022** | J Intensive Care Med | Meta Analysis Zayed Yazan, Alzghoul Bashar N, ... Reddy Raju. Vitamin C, Thiamine, and Hydrocortisone in the Treatment of Sepsis: A Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis of Randomized Controlled T...
**Ge et al., 2021** | Eur J Emerg Med | Meta Analysis Ge Zengzheng, Huang Jiewu, ... Li Yi. Thiamine combined with vitamin C in sepsis or septic shock: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Emerg Med. 2021-Jun-01;28(3):189-195. doi:10.1097/MEJ...
**Wu et al., 2021** | Shock | Meta Analysis Wu Tong, Hu Chang, ... Li Jianguo. Effect of Combined Hydrocortisone, Ascorbic Acid and Thiamine for Patients with Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Shock. 2021-Dec-01;56(6):88...
BACKGROUND: Heavy menstrual bleeding and pain are common reasons women discontinue intrauterine device (IUD) use. Copper IUD (Cu IUD) users tend to experience increased menstrual bleeding, whereas levonorgestrel IUD (LNG IUD) users tend to have irreg...
**Saghafi et al., 2025** | Curr Med Chem | Meta Analysis Saghafi Fatemeh, Moghadam Zahra Boostani, ... Sahebkar Amirhossein. Therapeutic Role of HAT Therapy in Sepsis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Curr Med Chem. 2025;32(16):3258-3282. doi:1...
**Deng et al., 2024** | Int Arch Allergy Immunol | Meta Analysis Deng Jiawen, Zuo Qi Kang, ... Heybati Kiyan. Efficacy and Safety of Hydrocortisone, Ascorbic Acid, and Thiamine Combination Therapy for the Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: A Syst...
**Liu et al., 2021** | J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) | Meta Analysis Liu Yan, Xiong Wen-Jing, ... Yu Chuanhua. Vitamin B1 Intake and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer: a Systematic Review of Observational Studies. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo). 2021;67(6):...
**Liang et al., 2023** | Crit Care | Meta Analysis Liang Baofang, Su Jianwei, ... Xie Baocheng. The outcome of IV vitamin C therapy in patients with sepsis or septic shock: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Crit Care. 2023-Mar-13;27(1)...
**Horton et al., 2025** | Neurosci Biobehav Rev | Systematic Review Horton Sarah E, Forbes Elana J, ... Morgan Angela T. Pharmacological and dietary treatments for developmental stuttering: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2025-Dec;179:106...
**Wang et al., 2026** | Nutr Clin Pract | Meta Analysis Wang Guizuo, Liao Xu, ... Han Dong. Thiamin supplementation on mitigating kidney injury and mortality in patients with septic shock: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlle...
**Fong et al., 2021** | Sci Rep | Systematic Review Fong Ka Man, Au Shek Yin, Ng George Wing Yiu. Steroid, ascorbic acid, and thiamine in adults with sepsis and septic shock: a systematic review and component network meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021-Aug-...
BACKGROUND: Heart failure is a pathophysiological condition where decreased cardiac output is observed subsequent to any structural deformity or cessation of normal function. Thiamine deficiency is one of the risk factors responsible for causing HF; ...
**Serra et al., 2025** | Int J Mol Sci | Systematic Review Serra Maria, Mollace Rocco, ... Macrì Roberta. A Systematic Review of Thiamine Supplementation in Improving Diabetes and Its Related Cardiovascular Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci. 2025-Apr-22;26(...
**Oudman et al., 2018** | Psychiatry Clin Neurosci | Systematic Review Oudman Erik, Wijnia Jan W, ... Postma Albert. Preventing Wernicke's encephalopathy in anorexia nervosa: A systematic review. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2018-Oct;72(10):774-779. doi...
**Kędzierska-Kapuza et al., 2023** | Nutrients | Systematic Review Kędzierska-Kapuza Karolina, Szczuko Urszula, ... Szczuko Małgorzata. Demand for Water-Soluble Vitamins in a Group of Patients with CKD versus Interventions and Supplementation-A Syste...
**Karimi et al., 2024** | Nutr Rev | Meta Analysis Karimi Elmira, Gholizadeh Mohammad, ... Abdollahi Hamed. Effect of vitamin B1 supplementation on blood creatinine and lactate levels and clinical outcomes in patients in intensive care units: a syste...
BACKGROUND: Chronic heart failure (CHF) has always posed a significant threat to human survival and health. The efficacy of thiamine supplementation in CHF patients remains uncertain. HYPOTHESIS: Receiving supplementary thiamine may not confer benefi...
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this pilot study was to determine if a definitive clinical trial of thiamine supplementation was warranted in patients with acute heart failure. We hypothesized that thiamine, when added to standard of care, would improve d...
**Jovic et al., 2020** | Nutrients | Systematic Review Jovic Thomas H, Ali Stephen R, ... Whitaker Iain S. Could Vitamins Help in the Fight Against COVID-19?. Nutrients. 2020-Aug-23;12(9). doi:10.3390/nu12092550 There are limited proven therapeutic o...
The manuscript is a commenting on the article "Effects of vitamin B12, folate, and entacapone on homocysteine levels in levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease patients: A randomized controlled study", recently published by Anamnart and Kitjarak (2021),...
**Breik et al., 2022** | Aust Crit Care | Systematic Review Breik Lina, Tatucu-Babet Oana A, Ridley Emma J. Micronutrient intake from enteral nutrition in critically ill adults: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Aust Crit Care. 202...
**Cornea et al., 2022** | Nutrients | Systematic Review Cornea Amalia, Lata Irina, ... Rosca Elena Cecilia. Wernicke Encephalopathy Presenting with Dysphagia: A Case Report and Systematic Literature Review. Nutrients. 2022-Dec-13;14(24). doi:10.3390/...
CONTEXT: The results from epidemiologic studies on the intake of dietary vitamin B1, B2, B6, and B12 and association with risk of developing depression have been inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to ...
**Cantu-Weinstein et al., 2024** | Gen Hosp Psychiatry | Systematic Review Cantu-Weinstein Ashley, Branning Rachel, ... Anand Akhil. Diagnosis and treatment of Wernicke's encephalopathy: A systematic literature review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2024;87:48...
**Puertas-Miranda et al., 2025** | Neuroepidemiology | Systematic Review Puertas-Miranda David, Díaz-Avila Erik-Gabriel, ... Marcos Miguel. Alcohol-Related and Non-Alcohol-Related Wernicke Encephalopathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Epid...
**Vasconcellos et al., 2014** | Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg | Systematic Review Vasconcellos Adam P, Colello Stephanie, ... Shin Jennifer J. Societal-level Risk Factors Associated with Pediatric Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review. Otolaryngol Head Neck...
**Maguire et al., 2018** | Clin Nutr ESPEN | Systematic Review Maguire Donogh, Talwar Dinesh, ... McMillan Donald. The role of thiamine dependent enzymes in obesity and obesity related chronic disease states: A systematic review. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 201...
**Khan et al., 2021** | Eur J Heart Fail | Systematic Review Khan Muhammad Shahzeb, Khan Fiza, ... Butler Javed. Dietary interventions and nutritional supplements for heart failure: a systematic appraisal and evidence map. Eur J Heart Fail. 2021-Sep;...
**Poon et al., 2024** | Nutrients | Systematic Review Poon Shirley Wing Yan, Brown Robyn Mary, Sumithran Priya. Comparison of the Nutritional Adequacy of Current Food-Based Very Low Energy Diets: A Review and Nutritional Analysis. Nutrients. 2024-Sep...
Cognitive impairments are frequently observed in patients with Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Thiamine deficiency is often found in AUD patients and has been suggested as a possible cause of cognitive impairments. While thiamine deficiency is not consis...
**Koh et al., 2015** | Nutrients | Systematic Review Koh Freda, Charlton Karen, ... McMahon Anne-Therese. Role of dietary protein and thiamine intakes on cognitive function in healthy older people: a systematic review. Nutrients. 2015-Apr-02;7(4):241...
**Qian et al., 2020** | Am J Emerg Med | Meta Analysis Qian Xiangfeng, Zhang Zhe, ... Wu Longchuan. Intravenous thiamine for septic shock: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Emerg Med. 2020-Dec;38(12):2718-2722. doi:10.1016/j.ajem....
**ter et al., 2015** | Br J Nutr | Systematic Review ter Borg Sovianne, Verlaan Sjors, ... de Groot Lisette C P G M. Micronutrient intakes and potential inadequacies of community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review. Br J Nutr. 2015-Apr-28;113(...
BACKGROUND: Approximately 5.7 million Americans carry the diagnosis of systolic heart failure (HF), a major health care burden. HF is a known manifestation of thiamine deficiency (TD). HF patients are at unique risk for developing TD, which may contr...
BACKGROUND: The primary cause of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is thiamine deficiency, and more than 90% of cases are reported in alcohol-dependent patients. While observational studies show parenteral thiamine administration drastically reduced ...
**Ziegler et al., 2023** | Metabolism | Meta Analysis Ziegler Dan, Reiners Karlheinz, ... Obeid Rima. Association between diabetes and thiamine status - A systematic review and meta-analysis. Metabolism. 2023-Jul;144:155565. doi:10.1016/j.metabol.202...
**Latthe et al., 2011** | BMJ Clin Evid | Systematic Review Latthe Pallavi Manish, Champaneria Rita, Khan Khalid Saeed. Dysmenorrhoea. BMJ Clin Evid. 2011-Feb-21;2011 INTRODUCTION: Dysmenorrhoea may begin soon after the menarche, after which it often...
**Caballeria et al., 2020** | Psychol Med | Systematic Review Caballeria Elsa, Oliveras Clara, ... López-Pelayo Hugo. A systematic review of treatments for alcohol-related cognitive impairment: lessons from the past and gaps for future interventions....
Showing top 50 of 100 sources, sorted by quality score.
Details
Thiamine
Overview
Thiamine is a essential nutrient tracked in the biomedical knowledge base.
Also known as: vitamin b1, thiamin, benfotiamine, thiamine mononitrate
Role in Health
Detailed overview pending — this entity has sources compiled across multiple verticals.
Related Verticals
See sources-index for all verified sources referencing Thiamine.
Safety Considerations
Safety data extraction pending.
Sources
See linked source pages for full provenance.
Related Supplements
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Thiamine and what is it used for?
Thiamine, also known as Vitamin B1, is an essential micronutrient. It is an established treatment for Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome and is being studied for its potential role in managing sepsis and metabolic health.
Does Thiamine help with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome?
Yes, there is strong evidence that Thiamine is an effective treatment for Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, particularly in individuals with alcohol abuse.
Can Thiamine help manage Type 2 Diabetes?
There is moderate evidence suggesting that Thiamine supplementation may influence glycemic outcomes in adults with Type 2 Diabetes.
Does Thiamine help with anxiety or depression?
There is moderate evidence that Thiamine, when used as part of B-vitamin therapy, may help improve symptoms of both anxiety and depressive disorders.
Is Thiamine effective for treating low back pain?
There is moderate evidence that Thiamine can be used as part of a combination therapy involving Diclofenac and other B vitamins to help with low back pain.
Are there any drug interactions or safety concerns with Thiamine?
No specific drug interactions or contraindications have been identified in the research. However, you should always consult a healthcare professional before starting a new supplement.
What is the recommended daily dose of Thiamine?
While specific therapeutic doses for medical conditions were not provided, the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for men aged 19 to 50 is 1.2 mg per day.
Does Thiamine help with heart failure?
Currently, there is insufficient evidence to determine if Thiamine supplementation has any impact on patients with heart failure.
Answers generated from research evidence. Not medical advice.