Biomarkers

161 biomarkers tracked with reference ranges and optimal ranges

Category:
All (161) Cardiac (3) Coagulation (5) Electrolytes (3) Endocrine (1) Hematology (22) Hormone (16) Immunology (5) Inflammatory (5) Iron (1) Kidney (4) Lipid (8) Lipids (1) Liver (16) Metabolic (9) Mineral (12) Renal (1) Thyroid (6) Urinalysis (2) Urine_electrolyte (8) Urine_hematology (4) Urine_kidney (7) Urine_liver (2) Urine_metabolic (10) Urine_other (6) Vitamin (4)
Biomarker Category Unit Reference Range Optimal Range
BNP Cardiac pg/mL 0.0 – 100.0 0.0 – 35.0
Troponin I Cardiac ng/mL 0.0 – 0.04 0.0 – 0.02
Troponin T Cardiac ng/mL 0.0 – 0.01 0.0 – 0.005
D-dimer Coagulation ng/mL 0.0 – 500.0 0.0 – 250.0
Fibrinogen Coagulation mg/dL 200.0 – 400.0 230.0 – 370.0
INR Coagulation ratio 0.8 – 1.2 0.9 – 1.1
PT Coagulation seconds 11.0 – 13.5 11.5 – 13.0
aPTT Coagulation seconds 25.0 – 35.0 27.0 – 33.0
Anion Gap Electrolytes mmol/L 8.0 – 16.0 8.0 – 12.0
Carbon Dioxide Electrolytes mmol/L 22.0 – 29.0 23.0 – 28.0
Phosphorus (serum) Electrolytes mg/dL 2.5 – 4.5 3.0 – 4.2
Cortisol Endocrine μg/dL 6.2 – 19.4 8.0 – 15.0
Basophils (%) Hematology % 0.0 – 2.0 0.0 – 1.0
Basophils (Absolute) Hematology ×10³/μL 0.0 – 0.2 0.0 – 0.1
Eosinophils (%) Hematology % 0.0 – 6.0 0.0 – 4.0
Eosinophils (Absolute) Hematology ×10³/μL 0.0 – 0.5 0.0 – 0.4
Hematocrit Hematology % 36.0 – 50.0 40.0 – 48.0
Hemoglobin Hematology g/dL 12.0 – 17.5 13.5 – 15.5
Immature Granulocytes (%) Hematology % 0.0 – 0.5 0.0 – 0.2
Immature Granulocytes (Absolute) Hematology ×10³/μL 0.0 – 0.03 0.0 – 0.01
Lymphocytes (%) Hematology % 20.0 – 45.0 25.0 – 40.0
Lymphocytes (Absolute) Hematology ×10³/μL 1.0 – 4.8 1.5 – 4.0
MCH Hematology pg 27.0 – 33.0 28.0 – 32.0
MCHC Hematology g/dL 32.0 – 36.0 33.0 – 35.0
MCV Hematology fL 80.0 – 100.0 85.0 – 95.0
Mean Platelet Volume Hematology fL 7.5 – 12.0 8.0 – 11.0
Monocytes (%) Hematology % 2.0 – 10.0 3.0 – 8.0
Monocytes (Absolute) Hematology ×10³/μL 0.2 – 1.0 0.3 – 0.8
Neutrophils (%) Hematology % 40.0 – 70.0 50.0 – 65.0
Neutrophils (Absolute) Hematology ×10³/μL 1.8 – 7.8 2.0 – 6.0
Platelet Count Hematology ×10³/μL 150.0 – 400.0 180.0 – 350.0
Red Blood Cell Count Hematology ×10⁶/μL 4.1 – 5.9 4.2 – 5.5
Red Cell Distribution Width Hematology % 11.5 – 14.5 12.0 – 13.5
White Blood Cell Count Hematology ×10³/μL 4.0 – 11.0 5.0 – 8.0
Cortisol (Serum) Hormone ug/dL 6.2 – 19.4 10.0 – 18.0
DHEA-S Hormone ug/dL 35.0 – 430.0 150.0 – 350.0
Estradiol (Female) Hormone pg/mL 15.0 – 350.0 50.0 – 200.0
Estradiol (Male) Hormone pg/mL 10.0 – 40.0 20.0 – 30.0
FSH (Female) Hormone mIU/mL 3.0 – 20.0 4.0 – 10.0
FSH (Male) Hormone mIU/mL 1.5 – 12.4 2.0 – 8.0
IGF-1 Hormone ng/mL 80.0 – 280.0 120.0 – 220.0
LH (Female) Hormone mIU/mL 2.0 – 15.0 3.0 – 10.0
LH (Male) Hormone mIU/mL 1.7 – 8.6 2.0 – 7.0
PSA Hormone ng/mL 0.0 – 4.0 0.0 – 1.0
Progesterone (Female) Hormone ng/mL 0.1 – 25.0 10.0 – 20.0
Prolactin Hormone ng/mL 2.0 – 18.0 5.0 – 15.0
SHBG Hormone nmol/L 10.0 – 80.0 20.0 – 60.0
Testosterone Free (Male) Hormone pg/mL 52.0 – 280.0 100.0 – 220.0
Testosterone Total (Female) Hormone ng/dL 15.0 – 70.0 25.0 – 55.0
Testosterone Total (Male) Hormone ng/dL 264.0 – 916.0 500.0 – 800.0
CD4 Absolute Immunology cells/μL 500.0 – 1500.0 700.0 – 1200.0
CD4 Percentage Immunology % 30.0 – 60.0 35.0 – 55.0
CD4/CD8 Ratio Immunology ratio 1.0 – 4.0 1.5 – 2.5
CD8 Absolute Immunology cells/μL 150.0 – 1000.0 250.0 – 800.0
CD8 Percentage Immunology % 10.0 – 40.0 15.0 – 35.0
CRP (hs-CRP) Inflammatory mg/L 0.0 – 3.0 0.0 – 1.0
ESR Inflammatory mm/hr 0.0 – 20.0 0.0 – 10.0
Homocysteine Inflammatory μmol/L 5.0 – 15.0 5.0 – 10.0
NT-proBNP Inflammatory pg/mL 0.0 – 125.0 0.0 – 50.0
hs-Troponin Inflammatory ng/L 0.0 – 14.0 0.0 – 5.0
UIBC Iron μg/dL 111.0 – 343.0 150.0 – 300.0
BUN Kidney mg/dL 7.0 – 20.0 8.0 – 18.0
Creatinine Kidney mg/dL 0.6 – 1.2 0.7 – 1.0
Uric Acid Kidney mg/dL 2.5 – 7.0 3.0 – 5.5
eGFR Kidney mL/min/1.73m² 60.0 – 120.0 90.0 – 120.0
Apolipoprotein A1 Lipid mg/dL 120.0 – 180.0 150.0 – 180.0
Apolipoprotein B Lipid mg/dL 50.0 – 130.0 50.0 – 90.0
HDL Cholesterol Lipid mg/dL 40.0 – 80.0 55.0 – 80.0
LDL Cholesterol Lipid mg/dL 0.0 – 130.0 50.0 – 100.0
Lipoprotein (a) Lipid mg/dL 0.0 – 30.0 0.0 – 14.0
Total Cholesterol Lipid mg/dL 0.0 – 200.0 150.0 – 200.0
Triglycerides Lipid mg/dL 0.0 – 150.0 50.0 – 100.0
VLDL Cholesterol Lipid mg/dL 2.0 – 30.0 5.0 – 20.0
Non-HDL Cholesterol Lipids mg/dL 0.0 – 130.0 0.0 – 100.0
A/G Ratio Liver ratio 1.1 – 2.5 1.5 – 2.2
ALP Liver U/L 44.0 – 147.0 44.0 – 100.0
ALT Liver U/L 7.0 – 56.0 10.0 – 30.0
AST Liver U/L 10.0 – 40.0 10.0 – 25.0
Albumin Liver g/dL 3.5 – 5.5 4.0 – 5.0
Ammonia Liver μg/dL 15.0 – 45.0 20.0 – 40.0
Amylase Liver U/L 30.0 – 110.0 40.0 – 90.0
Bilirubin (direct) Liver mg/dL 0.0 – 0.3 0.0 – 0.2
Bilirubin (indirect) Liver mg/dL 0.0 – 1.0 0.0 – 0.7
Bilirubin (total) Liver mg/dL 0.1 – 1.2 0.2 – 0.8
Creatine Kinase Liver U/L 30.0 – 200.0 50.0 – 150.0
GGT Liver U/L 5.0 – 65.0 5.0 – 30.0
Globulin Liver g/dL 2.0 – 3.5 2.2 – 3.0
LDH Liver U/L 140.0 – 280.0 150.0 – 250.0
Lipase Liver U/L 10.0 – 60.0 20.0 – 50.0
Total Protein Liver g/dL 6.0 – 8.3 6.8 – 7.8
CO2 (Bicarbonate) Metabolic mmol/L 22.0 – 29.0 24.0 – 28.0
Chloride (Serum) Metabolic mmol/L 98.0 – 107.0 100.0 – 106.0
Estimated Average Glucose Metabolic mg/dL 70.0 – 126.0 70.0 – 114.0
Glucose (fasting) Metabolic mg/dL 70.0 – 100.0 75.0 – 95.0
HOMA-IR Metabolic ratio 0.5 – 2.0 0.5 – 1.5
Hemoglobin A1c Metabolic % 4.0 – 5.6 4.5 – 5.3
Insulin (fasting) Metabolic μIU/mL 2.0 – 25.0 2.0 – 8.0
Lactate Metabolic mmol/L 0.5 – 2.2 0.5 – 1.5
Sodium (Serum) Metabolic mmol/L 135.0 – 145.0 138.0 – 142.0
Calcium Mineral mg/dL 8.5 – 10.5 9.0 – 10.2
Calcium (serum) Mineral mg/dL 8.5 – 10.5 9.0 – 10.0
Ferritin Mineral ng/mL 12.0 – 150.0 40.0 – 100.0
Iron (serum) Mineral μg/dL 50.0 – 170.0 70.0 – 140.0
Magnesium (RBC) Mineral mg/dL 4.2 – 6.8 4.5 – 6.5
Magnesium (Serum) Mineral mg/dL 1.7 – 2.2 1.9 – 2.1
Potassium Mineral mEq/L 3.5 – 5.0 4.0 – 4.8
Selenium Mineral μg/L 70.0 – 150.0 90.0 – 130.0
TIBC Mineral μg/dL 250.0 – 450.0 250.0 – 370.0
Transferrin Mineral mg/dL 200.0 – 360.0 220.0 – 330.0
Transferrin Saturation Mineral % 20.0 – 50.0 25.0 – 45.0
Zinc (serum) Mineral μg/dL 66.0 – 110.0 80.0 – 100.0
Urea Renal mg/dL 15.0 – 45.0 20.0 – 40.0
Free T3 Thyroid pg/mL 2.3 – 4.2 3.0 – 4.0
Free T4 Thyroid ng/dL 0.8 – 1.8 1.1 – 1.5
Reverse T3 Thyroid ng/dL 9.2 – 24.1 9.2 – 15.0
TSH Thyroid mIU/L 0.4 – 4.0 1.0 – 2.5
Total T3 Thyroid ng/dL 80.0 – 200.0 100.0 – 180.0
Total T4 Thyroid μg/dL 4.5 – 12.0 6.0 – 10.0
Appearance (urine) Urinalysis — —
Color (urine) Urinalysis — —
Calcium (urine) Urine_electrolyte mg/24hr 50.0 – 300.0 100.0 – 250.0
Chloride (urine) Urine_electrolyte mEq/L 80.0 – 250.0 100.0 – 220.0
Magnesium (urine) Urine_electrolyte mg/24hr 50.0 – 300.0 100.0 – 200.0
Osmolality (urine) Urine_electrolyte mOsm/kg 300.0 – 900.0 400.0 – 800.0
Phosphate (urine) Urine_electrolyte mg/24hr 400.0 – 1300.0 500.0 – 1100.0
Potassium (urine) Urine_electrolyte mEq/L 25.0 – 125.0 40.0 – 100.0
Sodium (urine) Urine_electrolyte mEq/L 40.0 – 220.0 80.0 – 180.0
Specific Gravity Urine_electrolyte ratio 1.005 – 1.03 1.01 – 1.025
Leukocyte Esterase Urine_hematology — —
Nitrites Urine_hematology — —
RBC (urine) Urine_hematology /HPF 0.0 – 2.0 0.0 – 1.0
WBC (urine) Urine_hematology /HPF 0.0 – 5.0 0.0 – 3.0
Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio (ACR) Urine_kidney mg/g 0.0 – 30.0 0.0 – 10.0
Creatinine (urine) Urine_kidney mg/dL 20.0 – 370.0 50.0 – 300.0
Microalbumin Urine_kidney mg/L 0.0 – 20.0 0.0 – 10.0
Protein (24hr) Urine_kidney mg/24hr 0.0 – 150.0 0.0 – 80.0
Protein (urine) Urine_kidney mg/dL 0.0 – 10.0 0.0 – 5.0
Urea Nitrogen (urine) Urine_kidney g/24hr 12.0 – 20.0 14.0 – 18.0
Uric Acid (urine) Urine_kidney mg/24hr 250.0 – 750.0 300.0 – 600.0
Bilirubin (urine) Urine_liver — —
Urobilinogen Urine_liver EU/dL 0.0 – 1.0 0.0 – 0.5
5-HIAA Urine_metabolic mg/24hr 2.0 – 8.0 3.0 – 7.0
Arsenic (urine) Urine_metabolic ug/L 0.0 – 35.0 0.0 – 15.0
Catecholamines (urine) Urine_metabolic μg/24hr 0.0 – 100.0 20.0 – 80.0
Cortisol (urine) Urine_metabolic μg/24hr 3.0 – 50.0 10.0 – 35.0
Glucose (urine) Urine_metabolic mg/dL 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 – 0.0
Iodine (urine) Urine_metabolic ug/L 100.0 – 300.0 150.0 – 250.0
Ketones (urine) Urine_metabolic mg/dL 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 – 0.0
Lead (urine) Urine_metabolic ug/L 0.0 – 5.0 0.0 – 2.0
Mercury (urine) Urine_metabolic ug/L 0.0 – 10.0 0.0 – 4.0
VMA Urine_metabolic mg/24hr 1.0 – 7.0 2.0 – 6.0
Bacteria (urine) Urine_other /HPF — —
Casts (urine) Urine_other /LPF 0.0 – 0.0 0.0 – 0.0
Crystals (urine) Urine_other — —
Epithelial Cells (urine) Urine_other /HPF 0.0 – 5.0 0.0 – 2.0
Hemoglobin (urine) Urine_other — —
pH (urine) Urine_other 4.5 – 8.0 5.5 – 7.0
Folate Vitamin ng/mL 3.0 – 20.0 10.0 – 20.0
Vitamin B12 Vitamin pg/mL 200.0 – 900.0 400.0 – 700.0
Vitamin C Vitamin mg/dL 0.4 – 2.0 0.6 – 1.5
Vitamin D (25-OH) Vitamin ng/mL 30.0 – 100.0 40.0 – 70.0

Understanding Ranges

Reference range — the clinical "normal" range used by labs. Values outside this range are flagged as low or high.

Optimal range — a narrower band associated with better health outcomes in research. Values within reference but outside optimal are marked "suboptimal".

Always consult a healthcare provider for interpretation of your specific results.