Biomarkers

9 biomarkers tracked with reference ranges and optimal ranges

Category:
All (161) Cardiac (3) Coagulation (5) Electrolytes (3) Endocrine (1) Hematology (22) Hormone (16) Immunology (5) Inflammatory (5) Iron (1) Kidney (4) Lipid (8) Lipids (1) Liver (16) Metabolic (9) Mineral (12) Renal (1) Thyroid (6) Urinalysis (2) Urine_electrolyte (8) Urine_hematology (4) Urine_kidney (7) Urine_liver (2) Urine_metabolic (10) Urine_other (6) Vitamin (4)
Biomarker Category Unit Reference Range Optimal Range
CO2 (Bicarbonate) Metabolic mmol/L 22.0 – 29.0 24.0 – 28.0
Chloride (Serum) Metabolic mmol/L 98.0 – 107.0 100.0 – 106.0
Estimated Average Glucose Metabolic mg/dL 70.0 – 126.0 70.0 – 114.0
Glucose (fasting) Metabolic mg/dL 70.0 – 100.0 75.0 – 95.0
HOMA-IR Metabolic ratio 0.5 – 2.0 0.5 – 1.5
Hemoglobin A1c Metabolic % 4.0 – 5.6 4.5 – 5.3
Insulin (fasting) Metabolic μIU/mL 2.0 – 25.0 2.0 – 8.0
Lactate Metabolic mmol/L 0.5 – 2.2 0.5 – 1.5
Sodium (Serum) Metabolic mmol/L 135.0 – 145.0 138.0 – 142.0

Understanding Ranges

Reference range — the clinical "normal" range used by labs. Values outside this range are flagged as low or high.

Optimal range — a narrower band associated with better health outcomes in research. Values within reference but outside optimal are marked "suboptimal".

Always consult a healthcare provider for interpretation of your specific results.