Biomarkers
6 biomarkers tracked with reference ranges and optimal ranges
| Biomarker | Category | Unit | Reference Range | Optimal Range |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacteria (urine) | Urine_other | /HPF | — | — |
| Casts (urine) | Urine_other | /LPF | 0.0 – 0.0 | 0.0 – 0.0 |
| Crystals (urine) | Urine_other | — | — | |
| Epithelial Cells (urine) | Urine_other | /HPF | 0.0 – 5.0 | 0.0 – 2.0 |
| Hemoglobin (urine) | Urine_other | — | — | |
| pH (urine) | Urine_other | 4.5 – 8.0 | 5.5 – 7.0 |
Understanding Ranges
Reference range — the clinical "normal" range used by labs. Values outside this range are flagged as low or high.
Optimal range — a narrower band associated with better health outcomes in research. Values within reference but outside optimal are marked "suboptimal".
Always consult a healthcare provider for interpretation of your specific results.