Biomarkers

3 biomarkers tracked with reference ranges and optimal ranges

Category:
All (161) Cardiac (3) Coagulation (5) Electrolytes (3) Endocrine (1) Hematology (22) Hormone (16) Immunology (5) Inflammatory (5) Iron (1) Kidney (4) Lipid (8) Lipids (1) Liver (16) Metabolic (9) Mineral (12) Renal (1) Thyroid (6) Urinalysis (2) Urine_electrolyte (8) Urine_hematology (4) Urine_kidney (7) Urine_liver (2) Urine_metabolic (10) Urine_other (6) Vitamin (4)
Biomarker Category Unit Reference Range Optimal Range
Anion Gap Electrolytes mmol/L 8.0 – 16.0 8.0 – 12.0
Carbon Dioxide Electrolytes mmol/L 22.0 – 29.0 23.0 – 28.0
Phosphorus (serum) Electrolytes mg/dL 2.5 – 4.5 3.0 – 4.2

Understanding Ranges

Reference range — the clinical "normal" range used by labs. Values outside this range are flagged as low or high.

Optimal range — a narrower band associated with better health outcomes in research. Values within reference but outside optimal are marked "suboptimal".

Always consult a healthcare provider for interpretation of your specific results.