Vitamin K
Product Forms
Dose Distribution
Top Brands
Claims on Labels
Common Co-Ingredients
Top-Rated Vitamin K Products
Evidence Summary
The provided research focuses on the clinical application of Vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) as anticoagulants for various thromboembolic conditions. The evidence primarily compares the efficacy of VKAs against newer agents, such as direct factor Xa inhibitors and direct thrombin inhibitors, in preventing or treating blood clots.
Evidence by Condition
Research compares the use of Vitamin K antagonists to direct factor Xa inhibitors and LMWH for preventing VTE after hip or knee replacements.
Meta-analyses compare the effectiveness of factor Xa inhibitors and direct thrombin inhibitors against Vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism.
Studies evaluate antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for the secondary prevention of stroke and other thromboembolic events.
Evidence covers both primary prophylaxis in ambulatory chemotherapy patients and long-term treatment of VTE in patients with cancer.
Effective Doses
Not available; the provided research focuses on the clinical use of Vitamin K antagonists rather than nutritional supplementation doses.
Key Findings
- Direct factor Xa inhibitors are compared to Vitamin K antagonists for preventing VTE in elective hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair (PMID: 39868562).
- Factor Xa inhibitors are compared to Vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation (PMID: 29509955).
- Direct thrombin inhibitors are compared to Vitamin K antagonists for preventing embolism in people with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (PMID: 24677203).
Limitations
The provided research is limited to the clinical utility of Vitamin K antagonists in treating specific pathologies and does not address the efficacy of Vitamin K as a nutritional supplement.
Safety & Interactions
The provided research does not contain specific safety or interaction data for Vitamin K supplementation.
AI-generated summary from 332 peer-reviewed studies. Not medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider.
Dietary Reference Intakes
Source: IOM/NAM Dietary Reference Intakes · Dietary Reference Intakes: Vitamin K
Drug-Supplement Interactions
⚠️ This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult your healthcare provider before combining supplements with medications.
Claims vs. Evidence
| Claim Type | % of Products | Evidence Required | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| All Other | 100% | Tier D (Unclassified) | ✅ Supported |
| Structure/Function | 84% | Tier C (DSHEA Structure/Function (no pre-approval)) | ✅ Supported |
| Nutrient | 73% | Tier D (Unknown) | ✅ Supported |
| Qualified Health | 0% | Tier B (FDA Qualified Health Claim) | ✅ Supported |
🏛️ NIH ODS Factsheet
Research by Topic
⚠️ FDA Safety Data
Research Evidence (332)
BACKGROUND: Currently, the most frequently used secondary treatment for patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) consists of vitamin K antagonists (VKA) targeted at an international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.5 (range 2.0 to 3.0). However, based o...
**Bala et al., 2017** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Bala Malgorzata M, Celinska-Lowenhoff Magdalena, ... Undas Anetta. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for secondary prevention of stroke and other thromboembolic events in people w...
**Forster et al., 2016** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Forster Rachel, Stewart Marlene. Anticoagulants (extended duration) for prevention of venous thromboembolism following total hip or knee replacement or hip fracture repair. Cochran...
**Bala et al., 2020** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Bala Malgorzata M, Celinska-Lowenhoff Magdalena, ... Undas Anetta. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant agents for secondary prevention of stroke and other thromboembolic events in people w...
**Salazar et al., 2025** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Salazar Carlos A, Basilio Flores Juan E, ... Bernardo Roberto. Direct factor Xa inhibitors versus low molecular weight heparins or vitamin K antagonists for prevention of venous th...
**Bruins et al., 2018** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Bruins Slot Karsten Mh, Berge Eivind. Factor Xa inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. Cochrane D...
**Shantsila et al., 2022** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Systematic Review Shantsila Eduard, Kozieł-Siołkowska Monika, Lip Gregory Yh. Antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants for hypertension. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022-Jul-28;7(7):CD003186. do...
**Di et al., 2012** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Di Nisio Marcello, Porreca Ettore, ... Rutjes Anne W S. Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. ...
**Bruins et al., 2013** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Bruins Slot Karsten M H, Berge Eivind. Factor Xa inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. Cochrane ...
**Akl et al., 2014** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Akl Elie A, Kahale Lara, ... Schünemann Holger. Anticoagulation for the long-term treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014-Jul-08(7...
**Robertson et al., 2012** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Robertson Lindsay, Ghouri Maaz A, Kovacs Flora. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for prevention of restenosis/reocclusion following peripheral endovascular treatment. Cochran...
**Salazar et al., 2014** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Salazar Carlos A, del Aguila Daniel, Cordova Erika G. Direct thrombin inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in people with non-valvul...
**Di et al., 2016** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Di Nisio Marcello, Porreca Ettore, ... Rutjes Anne Ws. Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2...
**Robertson et al., 2017** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Robertson Lindsay, Yeoh Su Ern, Ramli Ahmad. Secondary prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism after initial oral anticoagulation therapy in patients with unprovoked venou...
**Kahale et al., 2018** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Kahale Lara A, Hakoum Maram B, ... Akl Elie A. Anticoagulation for the long-term treatment of venous thromboembolism in people with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018-Jun-19;6...
**Flumignan et al., 2022** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Systematic Review Flumignan Ronald Lg, Civile Vinicius T, ... Nakano Luis Cu. Anticoagulants for people hospitalised with COVID-19. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022-Mar-04;3(3):CD013739. doi:1...
**Wang et al., 2023** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Wang Xiaoqin, Ma Yanfang, ... Yao Liang. Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. Coc...
**Al et al., 2024** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Systematic Review Al Said Samer, Kaier Klaus, ... Alabed Samer. Non-vitamin-K-antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after acute myocardial infarction: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst...
**Salazar et al., 2010** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Salazar Carlos A, Malaga German, Malasquez Giuliana. Direct thrombin inhibitors versus vitamin K antagonists or low molecular weight heparins for prevention of venous thromboemboli...
**Akl et al., 2011** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Akl Elie A, Labedi Nawman, ... Schünemann Holger. Anticoagulation for the long-term treatment of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011-Jun-15...
**Robertson et al., 2015** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Robertson Lindsay, Kesteven Patrick, McCaslin James E. Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors for the treatment of pulmonary embolism. Cochrane Database Sys...
**Kahale et al., 2018** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Kahale Lara A, Tsolakian Ibrahim G, ... Akl Elie A. Anticoagulation for people with cancer and central venous catheters. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018-Jun-01;6(6):CD006468. doi:1...
**Kirkilesis et al., 2020** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Kirkilesis George, Kakkos Stavros K, ... Kakavia Kyriaki. Treatment of distal deep vein thrombosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020-Apr-09;4(4):CD013422. doi:10.1002/14651858.C...
**Rutjes et al., 2020** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Rutjes Anne Ws, Porreca Ettore, ... Di Nisio Marcello. Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Cochrane Database Syst Re...
**Li et al., 2023** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Li Meixuan, Li Jing, ... Yao Liang. Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors versus conventional anticoagulants for the treatment of pulmonary embolism. Cochrane Dat...
**Kozieł-Siołkowska et al., 2025** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Kozieł-Siołkowska Monika, Shantsila Eduard, ... Lip Gregory Yh. Antiplatelet versus anticoagulation treatment for people with heart failure in sinus rhythm. Cochrane Data...
**Adamou et al., 2025** | Eur J Intern Med | Meta Analysis Adamou Anastasia, Kyriakoulis Ioannis, ... Ntaios George. Deterioration of renal function is delayed in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with direct oral anticoagulants compared to v...
**Di et al., 2014** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Di Nisio Marcello, Porreca Ettore, ... Rutjes Anne W S. Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. ...
**López-López et al., 2017** | BMJ | Systematic Review López-López José A, Sterne Jonathan A C, ... Sofat Reecha. Oral anticoagulants for prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation: systematic review, network meta-analysis, and cost effectiveness an...
**Kahale et al., 2017** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Kahale Lara A, Hakoum Maram B, ... Akl Elie A. Oral anticoagulation in people with cancer who have no therapeutic or prophylactic indication for anticoagulation. Cochrane Database S...
BACKGROUND: Vitamin K antagonist (VKA) anticoagulant use is suspected to increase the risk of bone fracture through inhibition of vitamin K-dependent cofactors of bone formation, an effect not seen with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (N...
**Fabes et al., 2018** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Fabes Jez, Brunskill Susan J, ... Stanworth Simon J. Pro-coagulant haemostatic factors for the prevention and treatment of bleeding in people without haemophilia. Cochrane Database S...
**Chen et al., 2019** | Eur J Nutr | Meta Analysis Chen Heng-Gui, Sheng Li-Ting, ... Pan An. Association of vitamin K with cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr. 2019-Sep;58(6):2191-2205. doi...
BACKGROUND: Malabsorption and deficiency of fat-soluble vitamins K may occur in cystic fibrosis, a genetic disorder affecting multiple organs. Vitamin K is known to play an important role in both blood coagulation and bone formation, hence the role o...
**Kahale et al., 2021** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Systematic Review Kahale Lara A, Matar Charbel F, ... Akl Elie A. Antithrombotic therapy for ambulatory patients with multiple myeloma receiving immunomodulatory agents. Cochrane Database Syst Re...
**Al et al., 2025** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Systematic Review Al Said Samer, Kaier Klaus, ... Meerpohl Joerg J. Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR): a network meta-analysis. ...
**Akl et al., 2011** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Akl Elie A, Vasireddi Srinivasa Rao, ... Schünemann Holger. Anticoagulation for patients with cancer and central venous catheters. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011-Feb-16(2):CD006468. ...
**De et al., 2012** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis De Schryver Els Llm, Algra Ale, ... Koudstaal Peter J. Vitamin K antagonists versus antiplatelet therapy after transient ischaemic attack or minor ischaemic stroke of presumed arterial ...
**Andras et al., 2012** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Andras Alina, Sala Tenna Adriano, Crawford Fay. Vitamin K antagonists or low-molecular-weight heparin for the long term treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism. Cochrane Dat...
**Akl et al., 2014** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Akl Elie A, Ramly Elie P, ... Schünemann Holger. Anticoagulation for people with cancer and central venous catheters. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014-Oct-15(10):CD006468. doi:10.1002/...
**Robertson et al., 2015** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Robertson Lindsay, Kesteven Patrick, McCaslin James E. Oral direct thrombin inhibitors or oral factor Xa inhibitors for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. Cochrane Database S...
**Andras et al., 2017** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Andras Alina, Sala Tenna Adriano, Stewart Marlene. Vitamin K antagonists versus low-molecular-weight heparin for the long term treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism. Cochr...
**Brandao et al., 2017** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Brandao Gustavo Ms, Junqueira Daniela R, ... Sobreira Marcone L. Pentasaccharides for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017-Dec-02;12(12):CD011782...
**Hutten et al., 2006** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Hutten B A, Prins M H. Duration of treatment with vitamin K antagonists in symptomatic venous thromboembolism. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006-Jan-25(1):CD001367 BACKGROUND: Curren...
**Akl et al., 2011** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Akl Elie A, Vasireddi Srinivasa Rao, ... Schünemann Holger. Anticoagulation for patients with cancer and central venous catheters. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011-Apr-13(4):CD006468. ...
**Johansen et al., 2015** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Johansen Mathias, Wikkelsø Anne, ... Afshari Arash. Prothrombin complex concentrate for reversal of vitamin K antagonist treatment in bleeding and non-bleeding patients. Cochrane ...
**Clarkesmith et al., 2017** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Clarkesmith Danielle E, Pattison Helen M, ... Lane Deirdre A. Educational and behavioural interventions for anticoagulant therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation. Cochrane...
**Miller et al., 2017** | Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol | Meta Analysis Miller Corey S, Dorreen Alastair, ... Barkun Alan N. Risk of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Patients Taking Non-Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants: A Systematic Review and Meta-...
**Engelen et al., 2018** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Meta Analysis Engelen Eveline T, Schutgens Roger Eg, ... van Galen Karin Pm. Antifibrinolytic therapy for preventing oral bleeding in people on anticoagulants undergoing minor oral surgery or de...
**Flumignan et al., 2020** | Cochrane Database Syst Rev | Systematic Review Flumignan Ronald Lg, Tinôco Jéssica Dantas de Sá, ... Nakano Luis Cu. Prophylactic anticoagulants for people hospitalised with COVID-19. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020-Oct-...
Showing top 50 of 332 sources, sorted by quality score.
Details
Vitamin K
Overview
Vitamin K is a essential nutrient tracked in the biomedical knowledge base.
Also known as: phylloquinone, menaquinone, vitamin k1, vitamin k2, mk-7
Role in Health
Detailed overview pending — this entity has sources compiled across multiple verticals.
Related Verticals
See sources-index for all verified sources referencing Vitamin K.
Safety Considerations
Safety data extraction pending.
Sources
See linked source pages for full provenance.
Related Supplements
Frequently Asked Questions
What is Vitamin K and how does it work?
Vitamin K is a nutrient essential for the synthesis of several important blood clotting factors. In medical contexts, Vitamin K antagonists are often used as anticoagulants to help manage various blood clot conditions.
Can Vitamin K help prevent blood clots after surgery?
There is moderate evidence comparing Vitamin K antagonists to other treatments, such as factor Xa inhibitors, for preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) after hip or knee replacement surgery. This includes use following hip fracture repair.
Is Vitamin K effective for preventing strokes in atrial fibrillation?
There is strong evidence comparing Vitamin K antagonists to newer agents, like direct thrombin inhibitors, for preventing cerebral or systemic embolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. This research compares the effectiveness of these different types of anticoagulants.
Does Vitamin K play a role in managing cancer-related blood clots?
There is moderate evidence regarding the use of Vitamin K antagonists for both preventing blood clots in chemotherapy patients and treating long-term VTE in patients with cancer. The research covers both primary prevention and long-term treatment.
What is the recommended daily dose of Vitamin K?
While clinical research on anticoagulants does not provide specific supplement doses, the Dietary Reference Intake (DRI) for males aged 19-50 is 120 mcg/day. Always consult a professional for personalized supplementation needs.
Are there any serious drug interactions with Vitamin K?
Yes, there is a critical interaction between Vitamin K and the medication Warfarin. Because Vitamin K is required to produce clotting factors, taking it can interfere with the ability of Warfarin to prevent dangerous blood clots.
Who should be cautious when taking Vitamin K?
Individuals taking anticoagulant medications, particularly Warfarin, should be extremely cautious. Because Vitamin K is essential for blood clotting, it can significantly impact the effectiveness of these critical medications.
Answers generated from research evidence. Not medical advice.