Effectiveness of probiotic therapy as an adjunct in the management of periodontal disease in type 2 diabetics: A systematic review and meta-analysis

source extracted confidence: high 2026-04-09
#humans #probiotics #diabetes-mellitus-type-2 #periodontal-diseases #randomized-controlled-trials-as-topic

Effectiveness of probiotic therapy as an adjunct in the management of periodontal disease in type 2 diabetics: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Yuqi et al., 2025 | Diabetes Res Clin Pract | Meta Analysis

Citation

Yuqi Wang, Hangying Xu, ... Yajing Chen. Effectiveness of probiotic therapy as an adjunct in the management of periodontal disease in type 2 diabetics: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2025-Aug;226:112358. doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2025.112358

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus are chronic diseases with a high global prevalence and are closely associated. Adjunctive probiotic therapy has garnered increasing attention in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with periodontal disease. OBJECTIVE: This review elucidates the effect of probiotic therapy on inflammatory markers, periodontal parameters, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in people with both T2DM and periodontal disease. METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across seven electronic databases from their inception to June 08, 2025. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies (QERs) comparing adjunctive probiotic therapy and Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment (NSPT) monotherapy were selected. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool for RCTs and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool for QERs. RESULTS: Seven studies (five RCTs and two QERs) involving 514 patients were included. Compared with NSPT monotherapy, adjunctive probiotic therapy improved interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (standardized mean difference [SMD] -1.07; 95 % CI: -1.91 to -0.24; P = 0.01) and probing depth (SMD -1.13, 95 % CI: -2.19 to -0.07, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Adjunctive probiotic therapy effectively reduces IL-6 levels and probing depth in patients with T2DM complicated by periodontal disease.

Key Findings

Seven studies (five RCTs and two QERs) involving 514 patients were included. Compared with NSPT monotherapy, adjunctive probiotic therapy improved interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels (standardized mean difference [SMD] -1.07; 95 % CI: -1.91 to -0.24; P = 0.01) and probing depth (SMD -1.13, 95 % CI: -2.19 to -0.07, p = 0.04).

Outcomes Measured

  • inflammatory markers

Population

Field Value
Population t2dm complicated by periodontal
Sample Size 514
Age Range See abstract
Condition diabetes

MeSH Terms

  • Humans
  • Probiotics
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
  • Periodontal Diseases
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Meta Analysis
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis
  • Vertical: probiotics

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09