Acute Co-Ingestion of Caffeine and Sodium Bicarbonate on Muscular Endurance Performance

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Acute Co-Ingestion of Caffeine and Sodium Bicarbonate on Muscular Endurance Performance

Montalvo-Alonso et al., 2024 | Nutrients | Rct

Citation

Montalvo-Alonso Juan Jesús, Munilla César, ... Pérez-López Alberto. Acute Co-Ingestion of Caffeine and Sodium Bicarbonate on Muscular Endurance Performance. Nutrients. 2024-Dec-19;16(24). doi:10.3390/nu16244382

Abstract

Background: Caffeine and sodium bicarbonate individually enhance muscular endurance by delaying fatigue, but their combined effects have scarcely been studied. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the acute effects of co-ingesting caffeine and sodium bicarbonate on muscular endurance at different loads in bench press and back squat exercises. Methods: Twenty-seven recreationally trained participants (female/male: 14/14; age: 23 ± 3.6 years) were randomized to four conditions in a double-blind, crossover design: (a) sodium bicarbonate and caffeine (NaHCO3 + CAF); (b) sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3); (c) caffeine (CAF); (d) placebo (PLA); ingesting 0.3 g/kg NaHCO3, 3 mg/kg caffeine or placebo (maltodextrin). Participants performed two muscle endurance tests on bench press and back squat exercises at 65% and 85% 1RM, performing as many repetitions as possible in one set until task failure. Results: CAF increased the number of repetitions (p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.111), mean velocity (Vmean, p = 0.043, ηp2 = 0.16), and mean power output (Wmean, p = 0.034, ηp2 = 0.15) compared to placebo. These effects were observed in back squat exercise at 65%1RM in Vmean (3.7%, p = 0.050, g = 1.144) and Wmean (5.2%, p = 0.047, g = 0.986) and at 85%1RM in Vmean (5.4%, p = 0.043, g = 0.22) and Wmean (5.5%, p = 0.050, g = 0.25). No ergogenic effects were found in NaHCO3 + CAF) or NaHCO3 conditions. Conclusions: CAF increased muscular endurance performance in male and female participants by increasing the number of repetitions, mean velocity, and power output; however, when NaHCO3 was ingested, these effects were not detected.

Key Findings

CAF increased the number of repetitions (p < 0.001; ηp2 = 0.111), mean velocity (Vmean, p = 0.043, ηp2 = 0.16), and mean power output (Wmean, p = 0.034, ηp2 = 0.15) compared to placebo. These effects were observed in back squat exercise at 65%1RM in Vmean (3.7%, p = 0.050, g = 1.144) and Wmean (5.2%, p = 0.047, g = 0.986) and at 85%1RM in Vmean (5.4%, p = 0.043, g = 0.22) and Wmean (5.5%, p = 0.050, g = 0.25). No ergogenic effects were found in NaHCO3 + CAF) or NaHCO3 conditions. Conclusions: CA

Outcomes Measured

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Population

Field Value
Population See abstract
Sample Size See abstract
Age Range See abstract
Condition See abstract

MeSH Terms

  • Humans
  • Sodium Bicarbonate
  • Caffeine
  • Male
  • Female
  • Physical Endurance
  • Young Adult
  • Double-Blind Method
  • Adult
  • Cross-Over Studies
  • Muscle, Skeletal
  • Performance-Enhancing Substances

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Rct
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial
  • Vertical: electrolytes

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-10