Copper, Ceruloplasmin, Zinc, and Manganese Levels in Brain and Biological Fluids from Parkinson's Disease Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

source extracted confidence: high 2026-04-09
#humans #parkinson-disease #manganese #copper #zinc

Copper, Ceruloplasmin, Zinc, and Manganese Levels in Brain and Biological Fluids from Parkinson's Disease Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Jiménez-Jiménez et al., 2026 | Cells | Meta Analysis

Citation

Jiménez-Jiménez Félix Javier, Alonso-Navarro Hortensia, ... Agúndez José A G. Copper, Ceruloplasmin, Zinc, and Manganese Levels in Brain and Biological Fluids from Parkinson's Disease Patients: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cells. 2026-Feb-03;15(3). doi:10.3390/cells15030288

Abstract

The present systematic review and meta-analysis aims to establish whether the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), serum/plasma whole blood, urine, and hair levels of copper, ceruloplasmin, zinc, and manganese are related to the risk for Parkinson's disease (PD). We reviewed the PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection databases from 1966 to 29 November 2025, and identified references of interest for this topic. We performed the meta-analysis of eligible studies that followed the PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines, with the R software package meta R 4.2.0 version. When compared to age- and sex-matched controls, PD patients showed decreased concentrations of copper in the substantia nigra and other brain areas, a trend towards increased CSF and decreased serum/plasma copper levels, decreased serum/plasma ceruloplasmin levels, decreased zinc levels in serum/plasma and increased zinc in whole blood and hair, and increased hair manganese levels. These results suggest an association between these transition metals and risk for PD.

Key Findings

These results suggest an association between these transition metals and risk for PD.

Outcomes Measured

  • Requires manual extraction

Population

Field Value
Population See abstract
Sample Size See abstract
Age Range See abstract
Condition See abstract

MeSH Terms

  • Humans
  • Parkinson Disease
  • Manganese
  • Copper
  • Zinc
  • Ceruloplasmin
  • Brain
  • Hair
  • Body Fluids

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Meta Analysis
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, Review
  • Vertical: zinc

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09