Pathophysiological and behavioral consequences of dichlorvos-induced oxidative stress in rodent models: A systematic review of mechanisms and protective strategies

source extracted confidence: high 2026-04-09
#animals #oxidative-stress #dichlorvos #behavior-animal #insecticides

Pathophysiological and behavioral consequences of dichlorvos-induced oxidative stress in rodent models: A systematic review of mechanisms and protective strategies

Liang et al., 2026 | Ecotoxicol Environ Saf | Systematic Review

Citation

Liang Ying, Liu Minghua, ... Wang Lei. Pathophysiological and behavioral consequences of dichlorvos-induced oxidative stress in rodent models: A systematic review of mechanisms and protective strategies. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2026-Jan-15;310:119600. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.119600

Abstract

DDVP, a widely used organophosphate insecticide, exerts toxicity primarily through acetylcholinesterase inhibition and redox imbalance, culminating in multi-organ injury. This systematic review compiles findings from rodent studies to outline the toxicodynamic profile of DDVP, emphasizing oxidative disturbances, antioxidant depletion, biochemical alterations, tissue pathology, behavioral outcomes, and protective interventions. Oxidative stress emerges as a central mechanism, evidenced by increases in ROS (up to 433 % in brain cortex), MDA (200 % in hepatic mitochondria), PCO (105 % in brain cortex), and 8-OHdG (doubled in brain). Mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibition (43-62 %), endoplasmic reticulum stress, and microglial reactivity further contribute to damage. Antioxidant defenses are markedly compromised: SOD (61 % decline in kidney), CAT (50 % reduction in brain), GPx (64 % loss), and GSH (18-70 % depletion across organs). Biochemical indices highlight AChE suppression (up to 40 %), altered liver enzymes (AST/ALT; 93/64 IU/mL), impaired renal markers (creatinine 34 %, urea 118 %), and neurotransmitter depletion. Histological and molecular findings include hepatic necrosis, neuronal chromatolysis, mitochondrial swelling, glial activation, apoptosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and genotoxic alterations. Functional deficits manifest as reduced locomotion (≈50 %) and learning impairments resembling Parkinsonian features. Several antioxidants, including CoQ10, MitoQ, curcumin, and quercetin, demonstrate protective efficacy by lowering ROS (45-62 %), restoring antioxidant capacity (70-90 %), and modulating apoptotic and inflammatory cascades. Collectively, this review underscores the genotoxic and neurotoxic liabilities of DDVP, highlights the therapeutic potential of antioxidant-based countermeasures, and points to critical gaps in translational relevance for agricultural health risk assessment.

Key Findings

Collectively, this review underscores the genotoxic and neurotoxic liabilities of DDVP, highlights the therapeutic potential of antioxidant-based countermeasures, and points to critical gaps in translational relevance for agricultural health risk assessment.

Outcomes Measured

  • inflammatory markers

Population

Field Value
Population See abstract
Sample Size See abstract
Age Range See abstract
Condition stress

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Dichlorvos
  • Behavior, Animal
  • Insecticides
  • Rodentia
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors
  • Antioxidants

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Systematic Review
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Systematic Review, Review
  • Vertical: coq10

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09