New bone formation of biphasic calcium phosphate bone substitute material: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)

source extracted confidence: high 2026-04-09
#humans #bone-substitutes #dental-implants #hydroxyapatites #osteogenesis

New bone formation of biphasic calcium phosphate bone substitute material: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs)

Somngam et al., 2025 | Int J Implant Dent | Systematic Review

Citation

Somngam Chutikarn, Samartkit Sutiwat, ... Khongkhunthian Pathawee. New bone formation of biphasic calcium phosphate bone substitute material: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Int J Implant Dent. 2025-Jul-15;11(1):47. doi:10.1186/s40729-025-00636-4

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: • To systematically determine the effectiveness of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) as bone substitute materials (BSM) compared to other BSMs for new bone formation in dental implant treatment through a network meta-analysis (NMA). MATERIALS AND METHOD: • Following PRISMA-NMA guidelines, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on lateral sinus augmentation and dental implants comparing BCP with other BSMs for histomorphometric new bone formation were included. Studies were retrieved from MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, and Embase (up to November 2024), with quality assessed via the Cochrane risk of bias 2 (RoB2.0) tool. Analysis included direct and network meta-analyses using a random-effects model, with SUCRA scores determining treatment rankings. The PROSPERO registration number was CRD42024607526. RESULTS: • Of 268 studies, 11 met criteria, covering 283 patients and 362 sinus augmentations using autografts (AB), allografts (AL), beta tricalcium phosphate (TCP), BCP, and xenografts (Xeno). NMA showed AB resulted in 12.33% more new bone formation than BCP (95% CI: 10.74, 13.93), with AL showing 5.14% more (95% CI: 3.33, 6.95). Xeno showed 4.14% less bone formation than BCP (95% CI: -6.38, -1.90). AB ranked highest for new bone formation, followed by AL, BCP, TCP, and Xeno. Residual graft material was highest in Xeno (6.21%; 95% CI: 2.81, 9.61). CONCLUSION: • BCP demonstrated sufficient new bone formation, outperforming xenografts in both bone formation and residual graft material. While autografts and allografts exhibited superior bone regeneration, BCP remains an effective option for bone augmentation treatments.

Key Findings

• Of 268 studies, 11 met criteria, covering 283 patients and 362 sinus augmentations using autografts (AB), allografts (AL), beta tricalcium phosphate (TCP), BCP, and xenografts (Xeno). NMA showed AB resulted in 12.33% more new bone formation than BCP (95% CI: 10.74, 13.93), with AL showing 5.14% more (95% CI: 3.33, 6.95). Xeno showed 4.14% less bone formation than BCP (95% CI: -6.38, -1.90). AB ranked highest for new bone formation, followed by AL, BCP, TCP, and Xeno. Residual graft material wa

Outcomes Measured

  • Requires manual extraction

Population

Field Value
Population See abstract
Sample Size 283
Age Range See abstract
Condition See abstract

MeSH Terms

  • Humans
  • Bone Substitutes
  • Dental Implants
  • Hydroxyapatites
  • Osteogenesis
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
  • Sinus Floor Augmentation

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Systematic Review
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Network Meta-Analysis, Systematic Review
  • Vertical: phosphorus

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-10