Intake or Blood Levels of Magnesium and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

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#metabolic-syndrome #humans #magnesium #observational-studies-as-topic #risk-factors

Intake or Blood Levels of Magnesium and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

Kim et al., 2025 | Nutrients | Meta Analysis

Citation

Kim Youngyo, Je Youjin. Intake or Blood Levels of Magnesium and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Nutrients. 2025-May-14;17(10). doi:10.3390/nu17101667

Abstract

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The association between magnesium and metabolic syndrome has not been comprehensively examined. We conducted a meta-analysis to quantitatively evaluate the association between intake and blood levels of magnesium and metabolic syndrome. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science databases to identify studies reporting an association between magnesium and metabolic syndrome up to April 2025. To pool the effect sizes on metabolic syndrome according to intake and blood levels of magnesium, a random effects model was used. RESULTS: Twenty-seven publications including 95,933 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The relative risk summary of metabolic syndrome for highest versus lowest intake of magnesium was 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71-0.88) for prospective cohort studies. In the meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies, magnesium intake was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (odds ratio = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.39-0.94). High blood levels of magnesium were inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (effect estimate = 0.53; 95% CI: 0.37-0.76). CONCLUSIONS: The present meta-analysis indicated that magnesium intake was inversely associated with a risk of metabolic syndrome. Regarding the association between blood levels of magnesium and metabolic syndrome, a significant inverse association was found, but the interpretation was cautious due to the observed high heterogeneity. The association between magnesium status and metabolic syndrome needs to be confirmed with further prospective studies.

Key Findings

Twenty-seven publications including 95,933 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The relative risk summary of metabolic syndrome for highest versus lowest intake of magnesium was 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71-0.88) for prospective cohort studies. In the meta-analysis of cross-sectional studies, magnesium intake was inversely associated with metabolic syndrome (odds ratio = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.39-0.94). High blood levels of magnesium were inversely associated with metabolic synd

Outcomes Measured

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Population

Field Value
Population See abstract
Sample Size 95933
Age Range See abstract
Condition See abstract

MeSH Terms

  • Metabolic Syndrome
  • Humans
  • Magnesium
  • Observational Studies as Topic
  • Risk Factors
  • Male
  • Female
  • Middle Aged
  • Adult
  • Diet

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Meta Analysis
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Systematic Review
  • Vertical: magnesium

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09