A systematic review of Selenium as a complementary treatment in cancer patients

source extracted confidence: high 2026-04-09
#humans #antioxidants #complementary-therapies #dietary-supplements #neoplasms

A systematic review of Selenium as a complementary treatment in cancer patients

Krannich et al., 2024 | Complement Ther Med | Systematic Review

Citation

Krannich Felix, Mücke Ralph, ... Dörfler Jennifer. A systematic review of Selenium as a complementary treatment in cancer patients. Complement Ther Med. 2024-Nov;86:103095. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2024.103095

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Selenium, a trace element with antioxidant properties, has been widely studied for its benefits in cancer treatment. This systematic review aims to critically evaluate existing evidence on the effectiveness of selenium as a complementary treatment in cancer patients. METHOD: In May 2023, a systematic search was conducted searching five electronic databases (Embase, Cochrane, PsychInfo, CINAHL and Medline) to find studies concerning the use, effectiveness and potential harm of selenium substitution therapy on adult cancer patients undergoing cancer treatment. Including and excluding patient criteria were defined beforehand. RESULTS: From 4511 search results, 12 studies in 14 publications with 2483 patients were included in this systematic review. Types of cancer covered in the reviewed studies are non-Hodgkin lymphoma, head and neck cancer, thyroid cancer, acute myeloid or acute lymphocytic leukaemia, stage I non-small lung cancer, breast cancer, cervical and endometrial cancer, prostate cancer and non-invasive urothelial carcinoma. Common outcomes were PSA change, radiotherapy associated toxicities, overall survival (OS), recurrence free interval (RFI) and quality of life (QoL). Most studies showed some concerns in the risk of bias evaluation. The results were heterogeneous: Regarding radiotherapy toxicities, patients with sufficient levels of Se at baseline do not profit of Se supplementation, while those with a deficiency of Se at baseline have significantly reduced toxicities on some scales. Regardless blood levels of Se, no benefit was found for OS, Recurrence Free Interval, Progression Free Interval, Quality of life and PSA compared to control/placebo group. CONCLUSION: Due to the very heterogeneous results and methodical limitations of the included studies, a clear statement regarding the effectiveness of Se supplementation is not possible, whereas cancer patients with a Se deficiency could profit from a Se supplementation during radio- or chemotherapy. Further studies should define Se deficiency as inclusion criterion and analyze levels of Se during time of intervention.

Key Findings

From 4511 search results, 12 studies in 14 publications with 2483 patients were included in this systematic review. Types of cancer covered in the reviewed studies are non-Hodgkin lymphoma, head and neck cancer, thyroid cancer, acute myeloid or acute lymphocytic leukaemia, stage I non-small lung cancer, breast cancer, cervical and endometrial cancer, prostate cancer and non-invasive urothelial carcinoma. Common outcomes were PSA change, radiotherapy associated toxicities, overall survival (OS),

Outcomes Measured

  • Requires manual extraction

Population

Field Value
Population sufficient levels of se
Sample Size 2483
Age Range See abstract
Condition deficiency

MeSH Terms

  • Humans
  • Antioxidants
  • Complementary Therapies
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Neoplasms
  • Quality of Life
  • Selenium

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Systematic Review
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Systematic Review
  • Vertical: selenium

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09