Antimicrobial resistance induction potential of grapefruit seed extract on multi-species biofilm of E. coli in food industry

source extracted confidence: high 2026-04-09
#biofilms #citrus-paradisi #microbial-sensitivity-tests #escherichia-coli #seeds

Antimicrobial resistance induction potential of grapefruit seed extract on multi-species biofilm of E. coli in food industry

Kim et al., 2024 | Int J Food Microbiol | Other

Citation

Kim Unji, Oh Se-Wook. Antimicrobial resistance induction potential of grapefruit seed extract on multi-species biofilm of E. coli in food industry. Int J Food Microbiol. 2024-Nov-02;424:110849. doi:10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2024.110849

Abstract

Biofilm formation in natural environments involving complex multi-structural arrangements hinders challenges in antimicrobial resistance. This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance potential of grapefruit seed extract (GSE) by examining the formation of mono-, dual-, and multi-species biofilms. We also explored the counterintuitive effect in response to GSE at various concentrations, including minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and sub-MIC (1/2 and 1/4 MIC). The results of the swimming and swarming motility tests revealed increased motility at the sub-MIC of GSE. The crystal violet assay demonstrated increased biofilm formation in multi-species biofilms, highlighting the synergistic effect of Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Listeria monocytogenes. At the MIC concentration of GSE, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) revealed cell morphology damage, while sub-MIC increased biofilm formation and architectural complexity. Multi-species biofilms demonstrated greater biofilm-forming ability and antimicrobial resistance than mono-species biofilms, indicating synergistic interactions and enhanced resilience. These findings highlight the importance of understanding biofilm dynamics and antimicrobial resistance to ensure environmental safety.

Key Findings

These findings highlight the importance of understanding biofilm dynamics and antimicrobial resistance to ensure environmental safety.

Outcomes Measured

  • Requires manual extraction

Population

Field Value
Population See abstract
Sample Size See abstract
Age Range See abstract
Condition See abstract

MeSH Terms

  • Biofilms
  • Citrus paradisi
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Escherichia coli
  • Seeds
  • Plant Extracts
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Drug Resistance, Bacterial
  • Food Microbiology
  • Salmonella typhimurium

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Other
  • Publication Types: Journal Article
  • Vertical: grapefruit-seed

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-12