Does the incorporation of zinc into TiO2 on titanium surfaces increase bactericidal activity? A systematic review and meta-analysis

source extracted confidence: high 2026-04-09
#humans #anti-bacterial-agents #biofilms #coated-materials-biocompatible #dental-implants

Does the incorporation of zinc into TiO2 on titanium surfaces increase bactericidal activity? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Silva et al., 2024 | J Prosthet Dent | Meta Analysis

Citation

Silva Lima Mendes Douglas Thainan, Leite Matos Gusttavo Reis, ... Resende Cristiane Xavier. Does the incorporation of zinc into TiO2 on titanium surfaces increase bactericidal activity? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2024-Sep;132(3):510-519. doi:10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.05.007

Abstract

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM: Infections associated with bacterial biofilm formation are an important cause of early implant failure. With the growing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the incorporation of zinc into TiO2 coatings of titanium implants has emerged to promote osseointegration and inhibit bacterial proliferation. However, a systematic assessment of its efficacy is lacking. PURPOSE: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the bactericidal effect of zinc-modified TiO2 coatings on titanium or Ti-6Al-4V alloy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The review was structured based on the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklist and the peer review of electronic search strategies (PRESS) guidelines. The search was performed in Science Direct, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and PubMed databases, including experimental in vitro studies that used titanium or Ti-6Al-4V as a control group and performed bacterial assays. Meta-analysis was performed by using the standardized mean differences of antibacterial effects. RESULTS: A total of 2519 articles were collected after duplicate removal. Then, eligibility criteria and a manual search were applied to select 20 studies for qualitative analysis and 16 studies for statistical analysis. The risk of bias revealed low-quality evidence. The meta-analysis showed that zinc positively affected the bactericidal activity of TiO2 coatings (-8.79, CI95%=-11.01 to -6.57, P<.001), with a high degree of heterogeneity (I2=78%). Subgroup analysis with TiO2 nanotubes produced by anodization and ZnO nanoparticles by hydrothermal synthesis reduced heterogeneity to 43%, with the removal of outliers (I2=46%), with a favorable antibacterial effect for zinc incorporation into TiO2. CONCLUSIONS: Bactericidal activity was identified for zinc incorporated into TiO2 coatings, making it an interesting option for titanium dental implants.

Key Findings

A total of 2519 articles were collected after duplicate removal. Then, eligibility criteria and a manual search were applied to select 20 studies for qualitative analysis and 16 studies for statistical analysis. The risk of bias revealed low-quality evidence. The meta-analysis showed that zinc positively affected the bactericidal activity of TiO2 coatings (-8.79, CI95%=-11.01 to -6.57, P<.001), with a high degree of heterogeneity (I2=78%). Subgroup analysis with TiO2 nanotubes produced by anodiz

Outcomes Measured

  • Requires manual extraction

Population

Field Value
Population See abstract
Sample Size 20
Age Range See abstract
Condition See abstract

MeSH Terms

  • Humans
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents
  • Biofilms
  • Coated Materials, Biocompatible
  • Dental Implants
  • Surface Properties
  • Titanium
  • Zinc

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Meta Analysis
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Systematic Review
  • Vertical: zinc

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09