Is vitamin D deficiency a risk factor for all-cause mortality and rehospitalization in heart failure patients?: A systematic review and meta-analysis

source extracted confidence: high 2026-04-09
#calcifediol #heart-failure #humans #prospective-studies #retrospective-studies

Is vitamin D deficiency a risk factor for all-cause mortality and rehospitalization in heart failure patients?: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Wang et al., 2022 | Medicine (Baltimore) | Meta Analysis

Citation

Wang Xiuming, Wang Jun, ... Yang Baisong. Is vitamin D deficiency a risk factor for all-cause mortality and rehospitalization in heart failure patients?: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2022-Jul-15;101(28):e29507. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000029507

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The association of low 25-hydroxyvitamin D level with mortality and rehospitalization remains inconsistent in patients with heart failure. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the value of blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D level in predicting all-cause mortality and hospitalization in heart failure patients. METHODS: Two reviewers independently search the articles indexed in PubMed and Embase databases until November 30, 2021. Only the prospective or retrospective cohort studies evaluating the association of blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D level with all-cause mortality and rehospitalization in heart failure patients were selected. The predictive value of 25-hydroxyvitamin D level was summarized by pooling multivariable adjusted risk estimates for the bottom versus reference top 25-hydroxyvitamin D level. RESULTS: Seven studies with a total of 5941 patients with heart failure were identified. The pooled adjusted risk ratio (RR) of all-cause mortality was 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-1.66), with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 70.5%; P = 0.002). However, there was no clear association between low 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and all-cause rehospitalization risk (RR 1.38; 95% CI 0.87-2.19). CONCLUSIONS: Low blood level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D may be an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in patients with heart failure. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D level may provide prognostic information in heart failure patients. Additional randomized controlled trials are required to explore whether treatment of 25-hydroxyvitamin D deficiency by supplementation of vitamin D can improve survival in heart failure patients.

Key Findings

Seven studies with a total of 5941 patients with heart failure were identified. The pooled adjusted risk ratio (RR) of all-cause mortality was 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-1.66), with significant heterogeneity (I2 = 70.5%; P = 0.002). However, there was no clear association between low 25-hydroxyvitamin D level and all-cause rehospitalization risk (RR 1.38; 95% CI 0.87-2.19).

Outcomes Measured

  • Requires manual extraction

Population

Field Value
Population heart failure
Sample Size 5941
Age Range See abstract
Condition deficiency

MeSH Terms

  • Calcifediol
  • Heart Failure
  • Humans
  • Prospective Studies
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Risk Factors
  • Vitamin D
  • Vitamin D Deficiency

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Meta Analysis
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Systematic Review
  • Vertical: vitamin-d-mortality

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09