Levosimendan in paediatric cardiac anaesthesiology: A systematic review and meta-analysis

source extracted confidence: high 2026-04-09
#anesthesiology #cardiac-output-low #cardiotonic-agents #child #humans

Levosimendan in paediatric cardiac anaesthesiology: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Lapere et al., 2022 | Eur J Anaesthesiol | Meta Analysis

Citation

Lapere Matthias, Rega Filip, Rex Steffen. Levosimendan in paediatric cardiac anaesthesiology: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2022-Aug-01;39(8):646-655. doi:10.1097/EJA.0000000000001711

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) after congenital cardiac surgery has an incidence of up to 25%. Preventing and treating LCOS is of pivotal importance as LCOS is associated with excess morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review assesses the safety and efficacy of peri-operative levosimendan administration in the setting of paediatric cardiac surgery. DESIGN: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Meta-analyses were performed on efficacy and exploratory outcomes. DATA SOURCES: Literature was searched in the following databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science and CENTRAL) from inception to July 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing levosimendan with other inotropes or placebo in children younger than 18 years of age undergoing cardiac surgery. RESULTS: Nine studies enrolling a total of 539 children could be included in the systematic review. All trials study the prophylactic administration of levosimendan in comparison with placebo ( n   =  2), milrinone ( n  = 6) or dobutamine ( n   =  1). Levosimendan dosing varied considerably with only three studies using a loading dose. Levosimendan reduced the incidence of LCOS [risk ratio (RR) 0.80] [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.40 to 0.89, P  = 0.01] and increased cardiac index (MD 0.17 l min -1  m -2 ) (95% CI, 0.06 to 0.28, P  = 0.003) without affecting other outcomes (mortality, ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, duration of mechanical ventilation, serum lactate, central venous oxygen saturation, serum creatine or acute kidney injury). CONCLUSION: The prophylactic use of levosimendan in children undergoing cardiac surgery reduced the incidence of LCOS and increased cardiac index compared with other inotropes or placebo. This effect did not translate into an improvement of other clinical endpoints.

Key Findings

Nine studies enrolling a total of 539 children could be included in the systematic review. All trials study the prophylactic administration of levosimendan in comparison with placebo ( n   =  2), milrinone ( n  = 6) or dobutamine ( n   =  1). Levosimendan dosing varied considerably with only three studies using a loading dose. Levosimendan reduced the incidence of LCOS [risk ratio (RR) 0.80] [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.40 to 0.89, P  = 0.01] and increased cardiac index (MD 0.17 l min -1  m

Outcomes Measured

  • Requires manual extraction

Population

Field Value
Population See abstract
Sample Size 2
Age Range See abstract
Condition See abstract

MeSH Terms

  • Anesthesiology
  • Cardiac Output, Low
  • Cardiotonic Agents
  • Child
  • Humans
  • Hydrazones
  • Pyridazines
  • Simendan

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Meta Analysis
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Systematic Review
  • Vertical: creatine

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09