The effect of magnesium sulfate on emergence agitation in children undergoing general anesthesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

source extracted confidence: high 2026-04-09
#adolescent #anesthesia-general #child #emergence-delirium #humans

The effect of magnesium sulfate on emergence agitation in children undergoing general anesthesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Shen et al., 2022 | J Clin Anesth | Meta Analysis

Citation

Shen Qi-Hong, Xu-Shen, ... Sun Lian-Juan. The effect of magnesium sulfate on emergence agitation in children undergoing general anesthesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Anesth. 2022-Jun;78:110669. doi:10.1016/j.jclinane.2022.110669

Abstract

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Emergence agitation (EA) is a common complication in pediatric patients after general anesthesia. The effectiveness of magnesium sulfate in decreasing the incidence of EA in children remains controversial. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to assess the efficacy of magnesium sulfate in preventing EA in pediatric patients following general anesthesia. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis. SETTING: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched to identify eligible randomized controlled trials from their respective database inception dates to June 30, 2021. PATIENTS: Pediatric patients (< 18 years old) undergoing general anesthesia. INTERVENTIONS: Intravenous administration of magnesium sulfate. MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome of the meta-analysis was EA incidence. The risk of bias of the included studies was evaluated using the revised Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0). Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation was applied to assess the level of certainty. MAIN RESULTS: Eight studies with 635 participants were identified. The forest plot revealed no significant difference in the incidence of EA between patients treated with magnesium sulfate and the control group (risk ratio = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [0.44, 1.07]; P = 0.10, I2 = 74%, moderate level of certainty). Additionally, magnesium sulfate did not reduce postoperative pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scores but prolonged the emergence time. No significant differences were observed in postoperative complications (nausea, vomiting, laryngospasm, breath-holding, coughing, oxygen desaturation, and cardiac arrhythmias). CONCLUSIONS: Administration of magnesium sulfate during general anesthesia did not affect the occurrence of EA in pediatric patients. However, magnesium sulfate can prolong the emergence time without adverse effects. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021252924.

Key Findings

Eight studies with 635 participants were identified. The forest plot revealed no significant difference in the incidence of EA between patients treated with magnesium sulfate and the control group (risk ratio = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [0.44, 1.07]; P = 0.10, I2 = 74%, moderate level of certainty). Additionally, magnesium sulfate did not reduce postoperative pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium scores but prolonged the emergence time. No significant differences were observed in postopera

Outcomes Measured

  • Requires manual extraction

Population

Field Value
Population See abstract
Sample Size 635
Age Range See abstract
Condition See abstract

MeSH Terms

  • Adolescent
  • Anesthesia, General
  • Child
  • Emergence Delirium
  • Humans
  • Magnesium Sulfate
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Meta Analysis
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Systematic Review
  • Vertical: magnesium

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09