Effect of Nicotinamide in Skin Cancer and Actinic Keratoses Chemoprophylaxis, and Adverse Effects Related to Nicotinamide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

source extracted confidence: high 2026-04-09
#basal-cell-carcinoma #carcinoma-squamous-cell #chemoprevention #drug-related-side-effects-and-adverse-reactions #humans

Effect of Nicotinamide in Skin Cancer and Actinic Keratoses Chemoprophylaxis, and Adverse Effects Related to Nicotinamide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Mainville et al., 2022 | J Cutan Med Surg | Meta Analysis

Citation

Mainville Laurence, Smilga Anne-Sophie, Fortin Paul R. Effect of Nicotinamide in Skin Cancer and Actinic Keratoses Chemoprophylaxis, and Adverse Effects Related to Nicotinamide: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Cutan Med Surg. 2022;26(3):297-308. doi:10.1177/12034754221078201

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Oral nicotinamide is recommended in individuals with a field of cancerization or with ≥1 previous cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of nicotinamide in prevention of skin cancers. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to evaluate the effect of nicotinamide. We used Medline, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases from their inception to October 2020 to search the following concepts: "nicotinamide"; "randomized controlled trial" (validated filters). Two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts for intervention and study design before searching full texts for eligibility criteria. To be eligible, ≥1 outcome had to be covered. We used a standardized collection grid to complete data extraction in duplicate. The primary outcome was skin cancers (all types). Secondary outcomes were basal cell carcinomas (BCCs); cSCCs; actinic keratoses; melanomas; digestive, cutaneous, and biochemical adverse effects (AEs). Subgroup analyses were planned a priori. RESULTS: We screened 4730 citations and found 29 trials (3039 patients) meeting inclusion criteria. Nicotinamide was associated with a significant reduction in skin cancers compared to control (rate ratio 0.50 (95% CI, 0.29-0.85; I 2 = 64%; 552 patients; 5 trials); moderate strength of the evidence). Heterogeneity was explained by risk of bias. Nicotinamide was associated with a significant reduction in BCCs and cSCCs, and increased risk of digestive AEs. CONCLUSION: Oral nicotinamide should be considered in healthy patients or organ transplant recipients with history of skin cancer (GRADE: weak recommendation; moderate-quality evidence), in particular of BCC and cSCC.

Key Findings

We screened 4730 citations and found 29 trials (3039 patients) meeting inclusion criteria. Nicotinamide was associated with a significant reduction in skin cancers compared to control (rate ratio 0.50 (95% CI, 0.29-0.85; I 2 = 64%; 552 patients; 5 trials); moderate strength of the evidence). Heterogeneity was explained by risk of bias. Nicotinamide was associated with a significant reduction in BCCs and cSCCs, and increased risk of digestive AEs.

Outcomes Measured

  • Requires manual extraction

Population

Field Value
Population healthy patients
Sample Size 3039
Age Range See abstract
Condition See abstract

MeSH Terms

  • Basal Cell Carcinoma
  • Carcinoma, Squamous Cell
  • Chemoprevention
  • Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
  • Humans
  • Keratosis, Actinic
  • Niacinamide
  • Skin Neoplasms

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Meta Analysis
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Systematic Review
  • Vertical: niacin-skin

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09