Zinc status in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

source extracted confidence: high 2026-04-09
#adolescent #adult #attention-deficit-disorder-with-hyperactivity #biometry #child

Zinc status in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Ghoreishy et al., 2021 | Sci Rep | Meta Analysis

Citation

Ghoreishy Seyed Mojtaba, Ebrahimi Mousavi Sara, ... Mohammadi Hamed. Zinc status in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Sci Rep. 2021-Jul-16;11(1):14612. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-94124-5

Abstract

Previous studies regarding the zinc status in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) yielded inconsistent results. Thus, the present meta-analysis was aimed to estimate the association between hair and serum/plasma zinc levels and ADHD. Online databases of Medline, EMBASE, and Scopus were searched up to October 2020 with no limitation in time and language. Weighted mean differences (WMDs) of hair and serum/plasma zinc levels were calculated using a random-effects model. Overall, 22 articles with 1280 subjects with ADHD and 1200 controls were included. The pooled effect size indicated that serum/plasma zinc levels in subjects with ADHD were not statistically different than their controls (WMD = - 1.26 µmol/L; 95% CI - 3.72, 1.20). Interestingly, the exclusion of one study from the analysis showed that people with ADHD significantly have lower circulating levels of zinc compared to their controls (WMD: - 2.49 µmol/L; 95% CI - 4.29, - 0.69). Also, the pooled effect size indicated that hair zinc levels in cases with ADHD were not statistically different than their controls (WMD = - 24.19 μg/g; 95% CI - 61.80, 13.42). Present meta-analysis raises the possibility that subjects with ADHD are prone to have declined levels of zinc levels. Based on current findings, screening the zinc levels in subjects with ADHD could be reasonable. Further well-designed studies are needed to clarify the role of zinc in the etiology of ADHD.

Key Findings

Further well-designed studies are needed to clarify the role of zinc in the etiology of ADHD.

Outcomes Measured

  • Requires manual extraction

Population

Field Value
Population adhd and 1200 controls
Sample Size 1280
Age Range See abstract
Condition See abstract

MeSH Terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity
  • Biometry
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Female
  • Hair
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Serum
  • Young Adult
  • Zinc

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Meta Analysis
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Systematic Review
  • Vertical: zinc

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09