Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of clinically tested protectants of cisplatin nephrotoxicity

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#acute-kidney-injury #cisplatin #creatinine #drug-related-side-effects-and-adverse-reactions #humans

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of clinically tested protectants of cisplatin nephrotoxicity

Casanova et al., 2020 | Eur J Clin Pharmacol | Meta Analysis

Citation

Casanova Alfredo G, Hernández-Sánchez María Teresa, ... Morales Ana Isabel. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the efficacy of clinically tested protectants of cisplatin nephrotoxicity. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2020-Jan;76(1):23-33. doi:10.1007/s00228-019-02771-5

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Cisplatin is a potent antineoplastic drug that has been widely used to treat a number of solid tumors. However, a high incidence of renal damage observed in patients has led researchers to search for alternate strategies that prevent or at least reduce the cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. The objective of the present study was to conduct a systematic review and a subsequent meta-analysis to evaluate and identify compounds with effective antitumor activity and lesser side effects that could provide protection against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. METHODS: The study included all placebo-controlled trials published up to December 2017 that met the inclusion criteria. A total of 22 articles were finally included to extract the following information: number of patients, doses of cisplatin and protectant, qualitative (acute kidney injury incidence) and quantitative (plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine clearance) indicators of renal function. The odds ratio or the mean difference (95% confidence interval) of each parameter was calculated for each study and group of studies. RESULTS: The results of this meta-analysis show that there is great variability in the nephroprotective capacity of a variety of products evaluated. Of all the compounds tested, only magnesium sulfate and cystone were found to exert protective effects. However, more studies need to be conducted to confirm these results. CONCLUSIONS: The administration of 1 g of Mg i.v. seems to be the best strategy for the prevention of cisplatin nephrotoxicity.

Key Findings

The results of this meta-analysis show that there is great variability in the nephroprotective capacity of a variety of products evaluated. Of all the compounds tested, only magnesium sulfate and cystone were found to exert protective effects. However, more studies need to be conducted to confirm these results.

Outcomes Measured

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Population

Field Value
Population See abstract
Sample Size See abstract
Age Range See abstract
Condition See abstract

MeSH Terms

  • Acute Kidney Injury
  • Cisplatin
  • Creatinine
  • Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions
  • Humans
  • Kidney
  • Neoplasms

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Meta Analysis
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Systematic Review
  • Vertical: magnesium

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09