Salivary biomarkers and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review

source extracted confidence: high 2026-04-09
#biomarkers #c-reactive-protein #cardiovascular-diseases #humans #matrix-metalloproteinase-9

Salivary biomarkers and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review

Gohel et al., 2018 | Clin Chem Lab Med | Systematic Review

Citation

Gohel Vishal, Jones Judith A, Wehler Carolyn J. Salivary biomarkers and cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2018-Aug-28;56(9):1432-1442. doi:10.1515/cclm-2017-1018

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this systematic review is to summarize the literature examining associations between salivary biomarkers and cardiovascular disease (CVD) status. CONTENTS: An advanced search was conducted using MeSH terms related to salivary biomarkers and CVD, and entered into the PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar search databases. Four hundred and thirty-three records were narrowed to 22 accepted articles. Included titles were assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale, and ranked into categories of low, moderate, or high. SUMMARY: A total of 40 salivary biomarkers were analyzed among accepted articles. The most studied markers were salivary creatine kinase isoform MB, C-reactive protein (CRP), matrix metalloproteinase-9, troponin I, myeloperoxidase, myoglobin, and brain natriuretic peptide. Salivary CRP provided the most consistent trends. Statistically significant increases of salivary CRP were present with CVD in every study that analyzed it. The remaining six markers demonstrated varying patterns. OUTLOOK: Existing studies provide insufficient data to draw definitive conclusions. Current research shows that there is an association between some salivary biomarkers and CVD, but the details of existing studies are conflicting. Despite inconclusive results, the diagnostic potential of saliva shows promise as a non-invasive means of cardiovascular risk assessment.

Key Findings

Despite inconclusive results, the diagnostic potential of saliva shows promise as a non-invasive means of cardiovascular risk assessment.

Outcomes Measured

  • C-reactive protein

Population

Field Value
Population See abstract
Sample Size See abstract
Age Range See abstract
Condition See abstract

MeSH Terms

  • Biomarkers
  • C-Reactive Protein
  • Cardiovascular Diseases
  • Humans
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 9
  • Saliva

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Systematic Review
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Systematic Review
  • Vertical: creatine

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09