Oral potassium supplementation for management of essential hypertension: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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#blood-pressure #dietary-supplements #essential-hypertension #humans #hypertension

Oral potassium supplementation for management of essential hypertension: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Poorolajal et al., 2017 | PLoS One | Meta Analysis

Citation

Poorolajal Jalal, Zeraati Fatemeh, ... Maleki Akram. Oral potassium supplementation for management of essential hypertension: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS One. 2017;12(4):e0174967. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0174967

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: Increased dietary potassium intake is thought to be associated with low blood pressure (BP). Whether potassium supplementation may be used as an antihypertensive agent is a question that should be answered. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of oral potassium supplementation on blood pressure in patients with primary hypertension. SEARCH METHODS: We searched Medline, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials until October 2016. We also screened reference lists of articles and previous reviews. We applied no language restrictions. SELECTION CRITERIA: We included randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials addressing the effect of potassium supplementation on primary hypertension for a minimum of 4 weeks. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We extracted data on systolic and diastolic BP (SBP and DBP) at the final follow-up. We explored the heterogeneity across studies using Cochran's test and I2 statistic and assessed the probability of publication bias using Begg's and Egger's tests. We reported the mean difference (MD) of SBP and DBP in a random-effects model. RESULTS: We found a total of 9059 articles and included 23 trials with 1213 participants. Compared to placebo, potassium supplementation resulted in modest but significant reductions in both SBP (MD -4.25 mmHg; 95% CI: -5.96 to -2.53; I2 = 41%) and DBP (MD -2.53 mmHg; 95% CI: -4.05 to -1.02; I2 = 65%). According to the change-score analysis, based on 8 out of 23 trials, compared to baseline, the mean changes in SBP (MD -8.89 mmHg; 95% CI: -13.67 to -4.11) and DBP (MD -6.42 mmHg; 95% CI: -10.99 to -1.84) was significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that potassium supplementation is a safe medication with no important adverse effects that has a modest but significant impact BP and may be recommended as an adjuvant antihypertensive agent for patients with essential hypertension.

Key Findings

We found a total of 9059 articles and included 23 trials with 1213 participants. Compared to placebo, potassium supplementation resulted in modest but significant reductions in both SBP (MD -4.25 mmHg; 95% CI: -5.96 to -2.53; I2 = 41%) and DBP (MD -2.53 mmHg; 95% CI: -4.05 to -1.02; I2 = 65%). According to the change-score analysis, based on 8 out of 23 trials, compared to baseline, the mean changes in SBP (MD -8.89 mmHg; 95% CI: -13.67 to -4.11) and DBP (MD -6.42 mmHg; 95% CI: -10.99 to -1.84)

Outcomes Measured

  • blood pressure
  • systolic blood pressure
  • diastolic blood pressure

Population

Field Value
Population primary hypertension
Sample Size 1213
Age Range See abstract
Condition hypertension

MeSH Terms

  • Blood Pressure
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Essential Hypertension
  • Humans
  • Hypertension
  • Potassium
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
  • Treatment Outcome

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Meta Analysis
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Meta-Analysis
  • Vertical: potassium-blood-pressure

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09