Melasma: systematic review of the systemic treatments

source extracted confidence: high 2026-04-09
#administration-oral #antifibrinolytic-agents #antioxidants #biflavonoids #carotenoids

Melasma: systematic review of the systemic treatments

Zhou et al., 2017 | Int J Dermatol | Systematic Review

Citation

Zhou Linghong Linda, Baibergenova Akerke. Melasma: systematic review of the systemic treatments. Int J Dermatol. 2017-Sep;56(9):902-908. doi:10.1111/ijd.13578

Abstract

Currently available treatment options for melasma include prevention of UV radiation, topical lightening agents, chemical peels, and light-based and laser therapies. However, none have shown effective and sustained results, with incomplete clearance and frequent recurrences. There has been increasing interest recently in oral medications and dietary supplements in improving melasma. We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety/tolerability of oral medications and dietary supplements for the treatment of melasma. Multiple databases were systematically searched for randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating the use of oral medication for treatment of melasma alone or in combination with other treatments. A total of eight RCTs met inclusion criteria. Oral medications and dietary supplements evaluated include tranexamic acid, Polypodium leucotomos extract, beta-carotenoid, melatonin, and procyanidin. These agents appear to have a beneficial effect on melasma improvement. In conclusion, oral medications have a role in melasma treatment and have been shown to be efficacious and tolerable with a minimal number and severity of adverse events. Therefore, dermatologists should keep oral medications and dietary supplements in their armamentarium for the treatment of melasma.

Key Findings

Therefore, dermatologists should keep oral medications and dietary supplements in their armamentarium for the treatment of melasma.

Outcomes Measured

  • Requires manual extraction

Population

Field Value
Population See abstract
Sample Size See abstract
Age Range See abstract
Condition See abstract

MeSH Terms

  • Administration, Oral
  • Antifibrinolytic Agents
  • Antioxidants
  • Biflavonoids
  • Carotenoids
  • Catechin
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Humans
  • Melanosis
  • Melatonin
  • Phytotherapy
  • Plant Extracts
  • Polypodium
  • Proanthocyanidins
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
  • Tranexamic Acid

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Systematic Review
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Systematic Review
  • Vertical: melatonin

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09