Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation affects glucose metabolism and lipid concentrations in overweight and obese vitamin D deficient women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Asemi et al., 2015 | Clin Nutr | Rct

Citation

Asemi Zatollah, Foroozanfard Fatemeh, ... Esmaillzadeh Ahmad. Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation affects glucose metabolism and lipid concentrations in overweight and obese vitamin D deficient women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Nutr. 2015-Aug;34(4):586-92. doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2014.09.015

Abstract

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Few studies have examined the effects of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipid concentrations in overweight and obese vitamin D deficient women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This study was conducted to determine the effects of calcium plus vitamin D supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipid concentrations among overweight and obese vitamin D deficient women with PCOS. METHODS: This randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted among 104 overweight and obese vitamin D deficient women diagnosed with PCOS. Participants were randomly assigned into four groups to receive: 1) 1000 mg/d calcium + vitamin D placebo (n = 26); 2) 50,000 IU/wk vitamin D + calcium placebo (n = 26); 3) 1000 mg calcium/d + 50,000 IU/wk vitamin D (n = 26) and 4) calcium placebo + vitamin D placebo (n = 26) for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were taken at baseline and after 8 weeks' intervention to measure glucose metabolism and lipid concentrations. RESULTS: Calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation resulted in higher levels of serum calcium (P = 0.002) and vitamin D (P < 0.001) compared with other groups. Co-supplementation, compared with other groups, led to decreased serum insulin levels (P = 0.03), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score (P = 0.04) and a significant rise in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (P = 0.001). Furthermore, a significant decrease in serum triglycerides (P = 0.02) and VLDL-cholesterol levels (P = 0.02) was seen following the administration of calcium plus vitamin D supplements compared with the other groups. Co-supplementation with calcium and vitamin D had no significant effects on FPG, total-, LDL-, HDL-, and non-HDL-cholesterol levels. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, calcium plus vitamin D supplementation for eight weeks among vitamin D deficient women with PCOS had beneficial effects on serum insulin levels, HOMA-IR, QUICKI, serum triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol levels, but it did not affect FPG and other lipid profiles. Clinical registration numberwww.irct.ir: IRCT201309275623N10.

Key Findings

Calcium-vitamin D co-supplementation resulted in higher levels of serum calcium (P = 0.002) and vitamin D (P < 0.001) compared with other groups. Co-supplementation, compared with other groups, led to decreased serum insulin levels (P = 0.03), homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score (P = 0.04) and a significant rise in quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) (P = 0.001). Furthermore, a significant decrease in serum triglycerides (P = 0.02) and VLDL-choles

Outcomes Measured

Requires manual extraction

Population

Field	Value
Population	See abstract
Sample Size	26
Age Range	See abstract
Condition	See abstract

MeSH Terms

Adolescent
Adult
Blood Glucose
Body Mass Index
Calcium, Dietary
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Cholesterol, HDL
Cholesterol, LDL
Dietary Supplements
Double-Blind Method
Energy Intake
Fasting
Female
Humans
Insulin
Insulin Resistance
Lipid Metabolism
Obesity
Overweight
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Triglycerides
Vitamin D
Vitamin D Deficiency
Waist Circumference
Young Adult

Evidence Classification

Level: Rct
Publication Types: Journal Article, Randomized Controlled Trial, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Vertical: vitamin-d-diabetes

Provenance

PMID: 25300649
DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2014.09.015
PMCID: Not in PMC
Verified: 2026-04-09 via PubMed E-utilities API

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09