Curcumin and Dementia: A Systematic Review of Its Effects on Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Outcomes in Animal Models

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Curcumin and Dementia: A Systematic Review of Its Effects on Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Outcomes in Animal Models

Kehinde et al., 2025 | Int J Mol Sci | Systematic Review

Citation

Kehinde Samuel Abiodun, Lin Wai Phyo, ... Chusri Sasitorn. Curcumin and Dementia: A Systematic Review of Its Effects on Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Outcomes in Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci. 2025-Jul-21;26(14). doi:10.3390/ijms26147026

Abstract

Dementia is marked by progressive cognitive decline linked to oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and synaptic dysfunction. Curcumin, a natural compound from Curcuma longa, has shown promising neuroprotective effects. This systematic review analyzed 29 preclinical studies using rodent models of dementia induced by chemical, genetic, or dietary methods. The review focused on curcumin's effects on oxidative stress, inflammation, and cognitive outcomes. All studies assessing malondialdehyde (MDA) reported significant reductions, indicating reduced oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased in all measured cases, while glutathione (GSH) levels rose in about one-third of studies. A literature search was comprehensively conducted using PubMed, Scopus, AMED, and LILACS databases through April 2024. Curcumin also demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties, with over 80% of studies showing reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Additionally, 40% of studies noted increases in anti-inflammatory markers like IL-4 and IGF-1. Cognitive performance improved in around 80% of studies, especially in spatial learning and memory. Some studies also reported behavioral improvements, including reduced anxiety and enhanced locomotion. Curcumin demonstrated potent antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and cognitive-enhancing effects across diverse dementia models. Its ability to modulate multiple pathological pathways highlights its potential as a bioactive compound for mitigating cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative diseases. However, variability in study design and curcumin formulations suggests the need for standardized protocols and further high-quality research to facilitate clinical translation.

Key Findings

However, variability in study design and curcumin formulations suggests the need for standardized protocols and further high-quality research to facilitate clinical translation.

Outcomes Measured

  • anxiety
  • inflammatory markers

Population

Field Value
Population See abstract
Sample Size See abstract
Age Range See abstract
Condition anxiety

MeSH Terms

  • Curcumin
  • Animals
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Dementia
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Cognition
  • Neuroprotective Agents
  • Antioxidants
  • Humans
  • Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Systematic Review
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Systematic Review
  • Vertical: curcumin-cognitive

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09