Intravenous magnesium sulfate in pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: a systematic review

source extracted confidence: high 2026-04-09
#humans #magnesium-sulfate #infant-newborn #hypertension-pulmonary #vasodilator-agents

Intravenous magnesium sulfate in pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: a systematic review

Cuttone et al., 2024 | Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci | Systematic Review

Citation

Cuttone G, Minardi C, ... La Via L. Intravenous magnesium sulfate in pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: a systematic review. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2024-Aug;28(15):4060-4066. doi:10.26355/eurrev_202408_36637

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Pulmonary hypertension in the newborn (PPHN) is a significant clinical condition characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressures, leading to serious health consequences. Magnesium sulfate, known for its vasodilatory properties, has been studied for its potential benefits in managing PPHN. This systematic review evaluates the efficacy and safety of magnesium sulfate in neonates with PPHN. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus up to March 10, 2024. Studies were included based on predefined Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study (PICOS) criteria focusing on pediatric patients with PPHN treated with magnesium sulfate, compared against placebo or other pharmacological interventions. Outcomes of interest included resolution of PPHN, improved oxygenation, and decreased oxygenation index. RESULTS: From a total of 1,233 articles screened, four studies met the inclusion criteria, including three randomized controlled trials and one multicentric retrospective study. The comparisons included nebulized magnesium sulfate, oral sildenafil, and inhaled nitric oxide. The outcomes varied, with none reported consistently across more than two studies, making a meta-analysis unfeasible. Results indicated a potential benefit of magnesium sulfate in improving pulmonary pressures and oxygenation, but the evidence was insufficient to establish definitive conclusions due to the heterogeneity and a limited number of studies. CONCLUSIONS: The limited data suggest that, while magnesium sulfate may have a role in the management of PPHN, it should not replace established therapies. Further research is needed to better define its efficacy and safety profile.

Key Findings

From a total of 1,233 articles screened, four studies met the inclusion criteria, including three randomized controlled trials and one multicentric retrospective study. The comparisons included nebulized magnesium sulfate, oral sildenafil, and inhaled nitric oxide. The outcomes varied, with none reported consistently across more than two studies, making a meta-analysis unfeasible. Results indicated a potential benefit of magnesium sulfate in improving pulmonary pressures and oxygenation, but the

Outcomes Measured

  • Requires manual extraction

Population

Field Value
Population pphn treated with magnesium
Sample Size See abstract
Age Range See abstract
Condition hypertension

MeSH Terms

  • Humans
  • Magnesium Sulfate
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Hypertension, Pulmonary
  • Vasodilator Agents
  • Administration, Intravenous
  • Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome
  • Nitric Oxide

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Systematic Review
  • Publication Types: Systematic Review, Journal Article
  • Vertical: magnesium

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09