Tooth color change after photodynamic therapy in endodontics: A systematic review

source extracted confidence: high 2026-04-09
#photosensitizing-agents #photochemotherapy #indocyanine-green #curcumin #endodontics

Tooth color change after photodynamic therapy in endodontics: A systematic review

de et al., 2023 | Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther | Systematic Review

Citation

de Araújo Lucas Peixoto, Marchesin Analu Rodriguez, ... Ferraz Caio Cezar Randi. Tooth color change after photodynamic therapy in endodontics: A systematic review. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2023-Jun;42:103626. doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103626

Abstract

BACKGROUND: A smile is considered one of the most important soft skills in social interaction. And discolored teeth may effect this. It is known that some photosensitizer agents (PS) used in photodynamic therapy (PDT) during root canal treatment could play a significant role in tooth color change, and thus the main objective of this systematic review is to address whether performing PDT can influence tooth color change and to synthesize the most effective methods to remove PS from the root canal system. METHODS: This study followed the PRISMA 2020 statement, and the protocol was registered at the Open Science Framework. Two blinded reviewers searched five databases up to November 20th, 2022: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. The eligibility criteria were studies that investigated tooth color change after PDT in endodontics. RESULTS: A total of 1695 studies were retrieved, and 7 were included in the qualitative analysis. All the included studies were in vitro evidence and investigated five different PS: methylene blue, toluidine blue O, malachite green, indocyanine green, and curcumin. Besides curcumin and indocyanine green, the remaining agents all caused tooth color change, and no method employed was effective in fully removing these PS from inside the root canal system CONCLUSIONS: Even though the findings showed that curcumin and indocyanine green did not influence tooth color change, the present evidence should be interpreted with caution since it is based on laboratory studies with questionable methods, and all efforts should be employed to avoid this undesirable side effect during clinical practice.

Key Findings

A total of 1695 studies were retrieved, and 7 were included in the qualitative analysis. All the included studies were in vitro evidence and investigated five different PS: methylene blue, toluidine blue O, malachite green, indocyanine green, and curcumin. Besides curcumin and indocyanine green, the remaining agents all caused tooth color change, and no method employed was effective in fully removing these PS from inside the root canal system CONCLUSIONS: Even though the findings showed that cur

Outcomes Measured

  • Requires manual extraction

Population

Field Value
Population See abstract
Sample Size 1695
Age Range See abstract
Condition See abstract

MeSH Terms

  • Photosensitizing Agents
  • Photochemotherapy
  • Indocyanine Green
  • Curcumin
  • Endodontics

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Systematic Review
  • Publication Types: Systematic Review, Journal Article
  • Vertical: curcumin

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09