Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and its applications to bone-related research

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#microscopy-atomic-force #mechanotransduction-cellular #bone-and-bones #collagen

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and its applications to bone-related research

Zhou et al., 2022 | Prog Biophys Mol Biol | Systematic Review

Citation

Zhou Yuxiao, Du Jing. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and its applications to bone-related research. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2022-Dec;176:52-66. doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.10.002

Abstract

Bone consists of organic (mostly collagen) and inorganic (mostly bioapatite mineral) components that are organized into hierarchical structures from nano-to macro-scales that provide load-bearing functions. The structures and properties of bone are affected by bone remodeling activities, which are affected by mechanotransduction, a process through which mechanical signals are converted to biochemical signals in cellular signaling. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) technique can be used to characterize the surface morphology and mechanical properties of the specimens and can achieve atomic resolution in the resulting images. Therefore, the AFM technique has been applied in bone research and has provided new understandings of the structures and properties of hierarchical structures in bone across multiple length scales. This review begins by introducing the tip-surface interactions and the operation modes of AFM, including the recently developed sub-resonance modes, including PeakForce Tapping mode. Then the contact adhesion theories used in analyzing AFM data are reviewed, followed by a systematic review of the applications of the AFM technique to bone and bone-related tissues and cells, including surface morphology imaging, contact indentation testing, and other mechanical tests. The applications of sub-resonance tapping mode to bone and other biological molecules, cells, and tissues are also reviewed.

Key Findings

The applications of sub-resonance tapping mode to bone and other biological molecules, cells, and tissues are also reviewed.

Outcomes Measured

  • Requires manual extraction

Population

Field Value
Population See abstract
Sample Size See abstract
Age Range See abstract
Condition See abstract

MeSH Terms

  • Microscopy, Atomic Force
  • Mechanotransduction, Cellular
  • Bone and Bones
  • Collagen

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Systematic Review
  • Publication Types: Systematic Review, Journal Article, Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S., Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Vertical: collagen

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09