An investigation into the present levels of contamination in children's toys and jewelry in different countries: a systematic review

source extracted confidence: high 2026-04-09
#child #humans #jewelry #metals-heavy #cadmium

An investigation into the present levels of contamination in children's toys and jewelry in different countries: a systematic review

Fadaei et al., 2023 | Rev Environ Health | Systematic Review

Citation

Fadaei Abdolmajid. An investigation into the present levels of contamination in children's toys and jewelry in different countries: a systematic review. Rev Environ Health. 2023-Dec-15;38(4):601-611. doi:10.1515/reveh-2022-0064

Abstract

Contamination by heavy metals and toxic elements in children's toys and jewelry is an ongoing challenge in different countries. These contaminants can enter the children's body via oral, dermal, and respiratory routes, leading to adverse health effects. This study aimed to investigate the present levels of contamination in children's toys and jewelry in 15 countries, including UK, Saudi Arabia, Cambodia, China, Kosovo, Nigeria, North American, Kazakhstan, UAE, Pakistan, Iraq, Israel, West Bank/Palestine, Czech Republic, and Turkey. In this review, the legislation and recommendation of the United States (U.S.), the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), Turkish Standards Institute (TSE), Canada, and the European Union (E.U.) on toxic elements in toys and jewelry are introduced. Plastic or metallic toys and children's jewelry still have the most severe toxic elements pollution and the existence of lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), barium (Ba), Zinc (Zn), cobalt (Co), manganese (Mn), bisphenol A, phthalates, parabens, azo dyes, and flame retardants has been regarded as an ongoing challenge in these articles. Finally, this review offers benchmarking of the concentrations of toxic elements in all types of children's toys and jewelry in different nations.

Key Findings

Finally, this review offers benchmarking of the concentrations of toxic elements in all types of children's toys and jewelry in different nations.

Outcomes Measured

  • Requires manual extraction

Population

Field Value
Population See abstract
Sample Size See abstract
Age Range See abstract
Condition See abstract

MeSH Terms

  • Child
  • Humans
  • Jewelry
  • Metals, Heavy
  • Cadmium
  • Arsenic
  • Canada
  • Mercury
  • Environmental Monitoring
  • Risk Assessment

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Systematic Review
  • Publication Types: Systematic Review, Journal Article
  • Vertical: chromium

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09