Dietary Supplementation for Para-Athletes: A Systematic Review

source extracted confidence: high 2026-04-09
#athletic-performance #dietary-supplements #humans #para-athletes #spinal-cord-injuries

Dietary Supplementation for Para-Athletes: A Systematic Review

Shaw et al., 2021 | Nutrients | Systematic Review

Citation

Shaw Keely A, Zello Gordon A, ... Chilibeck Philip D. Dietary Supplementation for Para-Athletes: A Systematic Review. Nutrients. 2021-Jun-11;13(6). doi:10.3390/nu13062016

Abstract

The use of dietary supplements is high among athletes and non-athletes alike, as well as able-bodied individuals and those with impairments. However, evidence is lacking in the use of dietary supplements for sport performance in a para-athlete population (e.g., those training for the Paralympics or similar competition). Our objective was to examine the literature regarding evidence for various sport supplements in a para-athlete population. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, SPORTDiscus, MedLine, and Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine Source. Fifteen studies met our inclusion criteria and were included in our review. Seven varieties of supplements were investigated in the studies reviewed, including caffeine, creatine, buffering agents, fish oil, leucine, and vitamin D. The evidence for each of these supplements remains inconclusive, with varying results between studies. Limitations of research in this area include the heterogeneity of the subjects within the population regarding functionality and impairment. Very few studies included individuals with impairments other than spinal cord injury. Overall, more research is needed to strengthen the evidence for or against supplement use in para-athletes. Future research is also recommended on performance in para-athlete populations with classifiable impairments other than spinal cord injuries.

Key Findings

Future research is also recommended on performance in para-athlete populations with classifiable impairments other than spinal cord injuries.

Outcomes Measured

  • Requires manual extraction

Population

Field Value
Population impairments other than spinal
Sample Size See abstract
Age Range See abstract
Condition See abstract

MeSH Terms

  • Athletic Performance
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Humans
  • Para-Athletes
  • Spinal Cord Injuries
  • Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Systematic Review
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Systematic Review
  • Vertical: creatine

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09