The impact of baseline potassium intake on the dose-response relation between sodium reduction and blood pressure change: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

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#adult #blood-pressure #humans #hypertension #potassium

The impact of baseline potassium intake on the dose-response relation between sodium reduction and blood pressure change: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials

Huang et al., 2021 | J Hum Hypertens | Meta Analysis

Citation

Huang Liping, Neal Bruce, ... Trieu Kathy. The impact of baseline potassium intake on the dose-response relation between sodium reduction and blood pressure change: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Hum Hypertens. 2021-Nov;35(11):946-957. doi:10.1038/s41371-021-00510-x

Abstract

Sodium and potassium appear to interact with each other in their effects on blood pressure with potassium supplementation having a greater blood pressure lowering-effect when sodium intake is high. Whether the effect of sodium reduction on blood pressure varies according to potassium intake levels is unclear. We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the impact of baseline potassium intake on blood pressure response to sodium reduction in randomized trials in adult populations, with sodium and potassium intake estimated from 24-h urine samples. We included 68 studies involving 5708 participants and conducted univariable and multivariable meta-regression. The median intake of baseline potassium was 67.7 mmol (Interquartile range: 54.6-76.4 mmol), and the mean reduction in sodium intake was 128 mmol (95% CI: 107-148). Multivariable meta-regression that included baseline 24-h urinary potassium excretion, age, ethnicity, baseline blood pressure, change in 24-h urinary sodium excretion, as well as the interaction between baseline 24-h urinary potassium excretion and change in 24-h urinary sodium excretion did not identify a significant association of baseline potassium intake levels with the blood pressure reduction achieved with a 50 mmol lowering of sodium intake (p > 0.05 for both systolic and diastolic blood pressure). A higher starting level of blood pressure was consistently associated with a greater blood pressure reduction from reduced sodium consumption. However, the nonsignificant findings may subject to the limitations of the data available. Additional studies with more varied potassium intake levels would allow a more confident exclusion of an interaction.

Key Findings

Additional studies with more varied potassium intake levels would allow a more confident exclusion of an interaction.

Outcomes Measured

  • blood pressure
  • systolic blood pressure
  • diastolic blood pressure

Population

Field Value
Population adult populations
Sample Size 5708
Age Range See abstract
Condition blood pressure

MeSH Terms

  • Adult
  • Blood Pressure
  • Humans
  • Hypertension
  • Potassium
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
  • Sodium

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Meta Analysis
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Systematic Review
  • Vertical: potassium

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09