Benefits of Creatine Supplementation for Vegetarians Compared to Omnivorous Athletes: A Systematic Review

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Benefits of Creatine Supplementation for Vegetarians Compared to Omnivorous Athletes: A Systematic Review

Kaviani et al., 2020 | Int J Environ Res Public Health | Systematic Review

Citation

Kaviani Mojtaba, Shaw Keely, Chilibeck Philip D. Benefits of Creatine Supplementation for Vegetarians Compared to Omnivorous Athletes: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020-Apr-27;17(9). doi:10.3390/ijerph17093041

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Creatine monohydrate is a nutritional supplement often consumed by athletes in anaerobic sports. Creatine is naturally found in most meat products; therefore, vegetarians have reduced creatine stores and may benefit from supplementation. OBJECTIVE: to determine the effects of creatine supplementation on vegetarians. DATA SOURCES: PubMed and SPORTDiscus. Eligibility criteria: Randomized controlled trials (parallel group, cross-over studies) or prospective studies. PARTICIPANTS: Vegetarians. INTERVENTION: Creatine supplementation. Study appraisal and synthesis: A total of 64 records were identified, and eleven full-text articles (covering nine studies) were included in this systematic review. RESULTS: Creatine supplementation in vegetarians increased total creatine, creatine, and phosphocreatine concentrations in vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius muscle, plasma, and red blood cells, often to levels greater than omnivores. Creatine supplementation had no effect on brain levels of phosphocreatine. Creatine supplementation increased lean tissue mass, type II fiber area, insulin-like growth factor-1, muscular strength, muscular endurance, Wingate mean power output, and brain function (memory and intelligence) in vegetarian participants. Studies were mixed on whether creatine supplementation improved exercise performance in vegetarians to a greater extent compared to omnivores. LIMITATIONS: Studies that were reviewed had moderate-high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, it appears vegetarian athletes are likely to benefit from creatine supplementation.

Key Findings

Creatine supplementation in vegetarians increased total creatine, creatine, and phosphocreatine concentrations in vastus lateralis and gastrocnemius muscle, plasma, and red blood cells, often to levels greater than omnivores. Creatine supplementation had no effect on brain levels of phosphocreatine. Creatine supplementation increased lean tissue mass, type II fiber area, insulin-like growth factor-1, muscular strength, muscular endurance, Wingate mean power output, and brain function (memory and

Outcomes Measured

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Population

Field Value
Population See abstract
Sample Size See abstract
Age Range See abstract
Condition See abstract

MeSH Terms

  • Athletes
  • Cognition
  • Creatine
  • Diet, Vegetarian
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Humans
  • Memory
  • Physical Fitness
  • Prospective Studies
  • Vegetarians

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Systematic Review
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Systematic Review
  • Vertical: creatine

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09