Dietary factors and thyroid cancer risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies

source extracted confidence: high 2026-04-09
#animals #databases-factual #edible-grain #feeding-behavior #fruit

Dietary factors and thyroid cancer risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies

Liu et al., 2014 | Nutr Cancer | Meta Analysis

Citation

Liu Zhi-Ting, Lin Ai-Hua. Dietary factors and thyroid cancer risk: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Nutr Cancer. 2014;66(7):1165-78. doi:10.1080/01635581.2014.951734

Abstract

To better understand the relationship between dietary factors and thyroid cancer risk, we summarized the published evidence on relationship between dietary factors and thyroid cancer incidence. Searching several databases for relevant studies published by March 2014 included a total of 19 studies. We calculated summary odds ratios (ORs) for each risk factor. Based on the highest level of total consumption vs. the lowest level, the summary OR [95% (confidence interval) CI] of thyroid cancer was 0.79 (0.66, 0.94) for fish; 0.95 (0.74, 1.23) for salt water fish; 0.86 (0.63, 1.16) for fresh water fish; 0.76 (0.58, 1.00) for vegetables; 0.88 (0.72, 1.08) for shellfish; 0.93 (0.66, 1.29) for cruciferous vegetables; 0.97 (0.78, 1.21) for fruits; 0.96 (0.70, 1.34) for meat; and 1.11 (0.86, 1.42) for grains. Subgroup analysis showed that fish (OR 0.74, 95%CI: 0.59, 0.92) and shellfish (OR 0.46, 95%CI: 0.27, 0.75) consumption have a protective effect in iodine deficiency areas, whereas the ORs were not statistically significant in iodine-rich areas. Our findings indicated that fish and shellfish consumption may decrease the risk of thyroid cancer in iodine deficiency areas, although no such effect was observed in iodine-rich areas.

Key Findings

Our findings indicated that fish and shellfish consumption may decrease the risk of thyroid cancer in iodine deficiency areas, although no such effect was observed in iodine-rich areas.

Outcomes Measured

  • Requires manual extraction

Population

Field Value
Population See abstract
Sample Size 19
Age Range See abstract
Condition deficiency

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Databases, Factual
  • Edible Grain
  • Feeding Behavior
  • Fruit
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Iodine
  • Meat
  • Observational Studies as Topic
  • Odds Ratio
  • Risk Factors
  • Seafood
  • Thyroid Neoplasms
  • Vegetables

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Meta Analysis
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Meta-Analysis, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Vertical: iodine

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09