Methods of assessment of zinc status in humans: a systematic review

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#adult #aged #biomarkers #diet #dietary-supplements

Methods of assessment of zinc status in humans: a systematic review

Lowe et al., 2009 | Am J Clin Nutr | Systematic Review

Citation

Lowe Nicola M, Fekete Katalin, Decsi Tamás. Methods of assessment of zinc status in humans: a systematic review. Am J Clin Nutr. 2009-Jun;89(6):2040S-2051S. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2009.27230G

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Zinc is an essential micronutrient for human health and has numerous structural and biochemical roles. The search for a reliable, sensitive, and specific index of zinc status has been the subject of considerable research, which has resulted in the identification of a number of potentially useful biomarkers. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to assess the usefulness of biomarkers of zinc status in humans. DESIGN: The methods included a structured search strategy using Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE (Ovid), and the Cochrane Library CENTRAL databases; formal inclusion and exclusion criteria; data extraction into an Access database; quality and validity assessment; and meta-analysis. RESULTS: Data on 32 potential biomarkers from 46 publications were analyzed. Plasma zinc concentration responded in a dose-dependent manner to dietary manipulation in adults, women, men, pregnant and lactating women, the elderly, and those at low and moderate baseline zinc status. Urinary zinc excretion responded to zinc status overall and in all subgroups for which there were sufficient data. Hair zinc concentration also responded, but there were insufficient studies for subgroup analysis. Platelet, polymorphonuclear cell, mononuclear cell, and erythrocyte zinc concentration and alkaline phosphatase activity did not appear to be effective biomarkers of zinc status. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review confirms that in healthy individuals, plasma, urinary, and hair zinc are reliable biomarkers of zinc status. Further high-quality studies using these biomarkers are required, particularly in infants, adolescents, and immigrant population groups for whom there are limited data. Studies are also required to fully assess a range of additional potential zinc biomarkers.

Key Findings

Data on 32 potential biomarkers from 46 publications were analyzed. Plasma zinc concentration responded in a dose-dependent manner to dietary manipulation in adults, women, men, pregnant and lactating women, the elderly, and those at low and moderate baseline zinc status. Urinary zinc excretion responded to zinc status overall and in all subgroups for which there were sufficient data. Hair zinc concentration also responded, but there were insufficient studies for subgroup analysis. Platelet, pol

Outcomes Measured

  • Requires manual extraction

Population

Field Value
Population healthy individuals
Sample Size See abstract
Age Range See abstract
Condition See abstract

MeSH Terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Biomarkers
  • Diet
  • Dietary Supplements
  • Female
  • Hair
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Methods
  • Nutrition Assessment
  • Nutritional Status
  • Pregnancy
  • Trace Elements
  • Zinc

Evidence Classification

  • Level: Systematic Review
  • Publication Types: Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Systematic Review
  • Vertical: zinc

Provenance

Source extracted via PubMed E-utilities API on 2026-04-09